PHYSIOLOGY OF SPORT AND EXERCISE (WITH WEB RESOURCE). 7TH EDITION

Introduction. An Introduction to Exercise and Sport Physiology
Focus of Exercise and Sport Physiology
Acute and Chronic Responses to Exercise
The Evolution of Exercise Physiology
Exercise Physiology in the 21st Century
Research: The Foundation for Understanding

Part I. Exercising Muscle

Chapter 1. Structure and Function of Exercising Muscle
Anatomy of Skeletal Muscle
Muscle Fiber Contraction
Muscle Fiber Types
Skeletal Muscle and Exercise

Chapter 2. Fuel for Exercise: Bioenergetics and Muscle Metabolism
Energy Substrates
Controlling the Rate of Energy Production
Storing Energy: High-Energy Phosphates
The Basic Energy Systems
Interaction of the Energy Systems
The Crossover Concept
The Oxidative Capacity of Muscle

Chapter 3. Neural Control of Exercising Muscle
Structure and Function of the Nervous System
Central Nervous System
Peripheral Nervous System
Sensory-Motor Integration

Chapter 4. Hormonal Control During Exercise
The Endocrine System
Endocrine Glands and Their Hormones: An Overview
Hormonal Regulation of Metabolism During Exercise
Hormonal Regulation of Fluid and Electrolytes During Exercise
Hormonal Regulation of Caloric Intake

Chapter 5. Energy Expenditure, Fatigue, and Muscle Soreness
Measuring Energy Expenditure
Energy Expenditure at Rest and During Exercise
Fatigue and Its Causes
Critical Power: The Link Between Energy Expenditure and Fatigue
Muscle Soreness and Muscle Cramps

Part II. Cardiovascular and Respiratory Function

Chapter 6. The Cardiovascular System and Its Control
The Heart
Vascular System
Blood

Chapter 7. The Respiratory System and Its Regulation
Pulmonary Ventilation
Pulmonary Volumes
Pulmonary Diffusion
Transport of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide in the Blood
Gas Exchange at the Muscles
Regulation of Pulmonary Ventilation
Afferent Feedback From Exercising Limbs

Chapter 8. Cardiorespiratory Responses to Acute Exercise
Cardiovascular Responses to Acute Exercise
Respiratory Responses to Acute Exercise

Part III. Exercise Training

Chapter 9. Principles of Exercise Training
Terminology
General Principles of Training
Resistance Training Programs
Anaerobic and Aerobic Power Training Programs

Chapter 10. Adaptations to Resistance Training
Resistance Training and Gains in Muscular Fitness
Mechanisms of Gains in Muscle Strength
Interaction Between Resistance Training and Diet
Resistance Training for Special Populations

Chapter 11. Adaptations to Aerobic and Anaerobic Training
Adaptations to Aerobic Training
Adaptations to Anaerobic Training
Adaptations to High-Intensity Interval Training
Specificity of Training and Cross-Training

Part IV. Environmental Influences on Performance

Chapter 12. Exercise in Hot and Cold Environments
Body Temperature Regulation
Physiological Responses to Exercise in the Heat
Health Risks During Exercise in the Heat
Acclimation to Exercise in the Heat
Exercise in the Cold
Physiological Responses to Exercise in the Cold
Health Risks During Exercise in the Cold

Chapter 13. Exercise at Altitude
Environmental Conditions at Altitude
Physiological Responses to Acute Altitude Exposure
Exercise and Sport Performance at Altitude
Acclimation: Chronic Exposure to Altitude
Altitude: Optimizing Training and Performance
Health Risks of Acute Exposure to Altitude

Part V. Optimizing Performance in Sport

Chapter 14. Training for Sport
Optimizing Training
Periodization of Training
Overtraining
Tapering for Peak Performance
Detraining

Chapter 15. Body Composition and Nutrition for Sport
Assessing Body Composition
Body Composition, Weight, and Sport Performance
Classification of Nutrients
Water and Electrolyte Balance
Nutrition and Athletic Performance

Chapter 16. Ergogenic Aids in Sport
Researching Ergogenic Aids
Nutritional Ergogenic Aids
Anti-Doping Codes and Drug Testing
Prohibited Substances and Techniques

Part VI. Age and Sex Considerations in Sport and Exercise

Chapter 17. Children and Adolescents in Sport and Exercise
Growth, Development, and Maturation
Physiological Responses to Acute Exercise
Physiological Adaptations to Exercise Training
Physical Activity Patterns Among Youth
Sport Performance and Specialization
Special Issues

Chapter 18. Aging in Sport and Exercise
Height, Weight, and Body Composition
Physiological Responses to Acute Exercise
Physiological Adaptations to Exercise Training
Sport Performance
Special Issues

Chapter 19. Sex Differences in Sport and Exercise
Sex Versus Gender in Exercise Physiology
Body Size and Composition
Physiological Responses to Acute Exercise
Physiological Adaptations to Exercise Training
Sport Performance
Special Issues

Part VII. Physical Activity for Health and Fitness

Chapter 20. Prescription of Exercise for Health and Fitness
Health Benefits of Regular Physical Activity and Exercise
Physical Activity Recommendations
Health Screening
Exercise Prescription
Monitoring Exercise Intensity
Exercise Programming
Exercise and Rehabilitation of People with Diseases

Chapter 21. Cardiovascular Disease and Physical Activity
Prevalence of Cardiovascular Disease
Forms of Cardiovascular Disease
Understanding the Disease Process
Cardiovascular Disease Risk
Reducing Risk Through Physical Activity
Risk of Heart Attack and Death During Exercise
Exercise Training and Rehabilitation of Patients with Heart Disease

Chapter 22. Obesity, Diabetes, and Physical Activity
Understanding Obesity
Weight Loss
Management Guidelines for Overweight and Obesity
Role of Physical Activity in Weight Management and Risk Reduction
Understanding Diabetes
Treatment of Diabetes
Role of Physical Activity in Diabetes

Physiology of Sport and Exercise, Seventh Edition With Web Study Guide, continues its legacy as a top physiology textbook and favorite of instructors and students alike. Combining research with extensive visual aids, this resource offers a simple way for students to develop an understanding of the body’s abilities to perform various types and intensities of exercise and sport, to adapt to stressful situations, and to improve its physiological capacities.
Written by a team of distinguished researchers, all past presidents of the American College of Sports Medicine, this seventh edition has been updated based on the most recent position stands, standards, and guidelines in the field of sport and exercise physiology. Throughout the text, updated photos join with the superb illustrations and medical artwork to clarify difficult concepts and illustrate how the body performs. Digital components found in the web study guide now include 26 animations that offer a dynamic way to experience physiological concepts, and 66 audio clips that provide explanations of complex physiological processes to aid students’ understanding of important illustrations in the text. Leaders in the field discuss recent developments and real-world applications in 27 video clips to help students connect theoretical and practical concepts. Corresponding icons throughout the text notify students when digital elements are available to complement the materials.
In addition to the expanded digital components, Physiology of Sport and Exercise, Seventh Edition, features new and updated content based on the latest research in the field:
• Additional information on overtraining and exercise addiction
• Expanded content on fatigue and mobility in aging
• New sections on epigenetics, bioinformatics, and neuromuscular function
• New information on exercise genomics
• New Research Perspectives emphasizing emerging findings in the field, and a new Research Perspectives Finder to help students locate key content quickly
Ease of reading has been the standout feature of this popular text. The seventh edition continues to offer comprehensive coverage of the complex relationship between human physiology and exercise while maintaining an engaging and student-friendly tone. Unique learning features paired with an accessible layout, including chapter-opening outlines and review boxes throughout each chapter, will help students focus on the major concepts addressed. Study questions and a list of key terms at the end of the chapter increase students’ opportunities for recall and self-testing. A comprehensive glossary and lists of common abbreviations and conversions provide easy reference for students as they complete labs and assignments.

To foster an enriched learning experience, both students and instructors can take advantage of the web-based ancillaries that accompany the text. In addition to animations, videos, and audio clips, the web study guide includes comprehension quizzes to provide immediate feedback to students on their knowledge retention as well as end-of-unit mastery checks that students can use for evaluating their progress.

Instructors are provided with access to an instructor guide, test package, ready-to-use chapter quizzes, and a presentation package plus image bank. The presentation package includes PowerPoint slides with key points and content, which can be modified to suit a variety of class structures. An image bank features all of the graphics, artwork, and content photos from the text for easy insertion into tests, quizzes, handouts, and other course materials. Digital extras—composed of the animations, videos, and audio clips that students find in the web study guide—bolster comprehension of challenging concepts.
Physiology of Sport and Exercise has been a pivotal textbook of the engaging field of exercise physiology. Through dynamic and interactive learning activities, easy-to-follow layouts, and research-oriented content enriched with visual supplements, students and instructors will find this an invaluable resource for their continued education.

Authors
• W. Larry Kenney, PhD, is the Marie Underhill Noll Chair in Human Performance and a professor of physiology and kinesiology at Pennsylvania State University at University Park. He received his PhD in physiology from Penn State in 1983. Working at Noll Laboratory, Kenney is researching the effects of aging and disease states such as hypertension on the control of blood flow to human skin and has been continuously funded by NIH since 1983. He also studies the effects of heat, cold, and dehydration on various aspects of health, exercise, and athletic performance as well as the biophysics of heat exchange between humans and the environment. He is the author of more than 200 papers, books, book chapters, and other publications.
Kenney was president of the American College of Sports Medicine from 2003 to 2004. He is a fellow of the American College of Sports Medicine and is active in the American Physiological Society.
For his service to the university and his field, Kenney was awarded Penn State University’s Faculty Scholar Medal, the Evan G. and Helen G. Pattishall Distinguished Research Achievement Award, and the Pauline Schmitt Russell Distinguished Research Career Award. He was awarded the American College of Sports Medicine’s New Investigator Award in 1987 and the Citation Award in 2008.
Kenney has been a member of the editorial and advisory boards for several journals, including Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, Current Sports Medicine Reports (inaugural board member), Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews, Journal of Applied Physiology, Human Performance, Fitness Management, and ACSM’s Health & Fitness Journal(inaugural board member). He is also an active grant reviewer for the National Institutes of Health and many other organizations. He and his wife, Patti, have three children, all of whom are or were Division 1 college athletes.
• Jack H. Wilmore, PhD, retired in 2003 from Texas A&M University as a distinguished professor in the department of health and kinesiology. From 1985 to 1997, Wilmore was chair of the department of kinesiology and health education and the Margie Gurley Seay endowed centennial professor at the University of Texas at Austin. Before that, he served on the faculties at the University of Arizona, the University of California, and Ithaca College. Wilmore earned his PhD in physical education from the University of Oregon in 1966.
Wilmore published 53 chapters, more than 320 peer-reviewed research papers, and 15 books on exercise physiology. He was one of five principal investigators for the HERITAGE Family Study, a large multicenter clinical trial investigating the possible genetic basis for the variability in the responses of physiological measures and risk factors for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes to endurance exercise training. Wilmore’s research interests included determining the role of exercise in the prevention and control of both obesity and coronary heart disease, determining the mechanisms accounting for alterations in physiological function with training and detraining, and factors limiting the performance of elite athletes.
A former president of the American College of Sports Medicine, Wilmore received the American College of Sports Medicine’s Honor Award in 2006. In addition to serving as chair for many ACSM organizational committees, Wilmore was on the United States Olympic Committee’s Sports Medicine Council and chaired their Research Committee. He was a member of the American Physiological Society and a fellow and former president of the American Academy of Kinesiology and Physical Education. Wilmore consulted for several professional sport teams, the California Highway Patrol, the President’s Council on Physical Fitness and Sports, NASA, and the U.S. Air Force. He also served on editorial boards of several journals.
Wilmore passed away during the preparation of the sixth edition of this text.
• David L. Costill, PhD, is the Emeritus John and Janice Fisher Chair in Exercise Science at Ball State University in Muncie, Indiana. He established the Ball State University Human Performance Laboratory in 1966 and served as its director for more than 32 years.
Costill has written and coauthored more than 430 publications over the course of his career, including six books and articles in both peer-reviewed and lay publications. He was the original editor in chief of the International Journal of Sports Medicine for 12 years. Between 1971 and 1998, he averaged 25 U.S. and international lecture trips each year. He was president of the ACSM from 1976 to 1977, a member of its board of trustees for 12 years, and a recipient of ACSM Citation and Honor Awards. He has received numerous other honors, including an honorary doctoral degree from the Stockholm School of Physical Education, the Professional Achievement Award from Ohio State University, the President’s Award at Ball State University, and the Distinguished Alumni Award from Cuyahoga Falls Public Schools. Many of his former students are now leaders in the fields of exercise physiology, medicine, and science.
Costill received his PhD in physical education and physiology from Ohio State University in 1965. He and his wife of 58 years, Judy, have two daughters. Now retired, Dr. Costill is a private pilot, auto and experimental airplane builder, competitive masters swimmer, and former marathon runner.