ATLAS OF FINE NEEDLE ASPIRATION CYTOLOGY

1. Clinical Utility, Technique and Ancillary Studies 1
Lester J Layfield
• Guidance Techniques 1
• Biopsy Equipment 1
• Biopsy Procedure 2
• Fixation and Staining 3
• Ancillary Techniques 3
• Culture for Infectious Organisms 4
• Electron Microscopy 4
• Immunocytochemistry 4
• Flow Cytometry 5
• Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization and Chromogenic in Situ Hybridization 6
• Molecular Diagnostics 6
2. Head & Neck and Salivary Gland 11
Jerzy Klijanienko
• General Considerations 11
• FNA as a Diagnostic Method in Head and Neck Tumors 11
• FNA as a Diagnostic Method in Salivary Gland Tumors 17
• FNA Classification of Salivary Gland Tumors 19
• Tumors in Which Myoepithelial Cells Predominate 19
• Tumors with Oncocytic Cell Predominance 23
• Tumors with Basal Cell Predominance 25
• Tumors with Squamous Cell Predominance 28
• Tumors with Mucin Production 29
• Tumors with Acinic Cell Predominance 32
• Tumors with Nonspecific/Poorly Differentiated Cell Predominance 34
3. Fine Needle Aspiration of Thyroid 40
Zubair W Baloch
• FNA Indications, Procedure, Specimen, Adequacy, and Classification 40
• Cytomorphology of Thyroid Lesions 41
• Rare Tumors of Thyroid Gland 55
• Role of Special Studies in the Diagnosis of Thyroid Tumors in Cytologic Specimens 57
4. Mediastinum 63
Lester J Layfield
• Clinical Considerations 63
• Cytologic Findings in Common Mediastinal Lesions 64
• Malignant Neoplasms of the Mediastinum 69
5. Lung and Pleura 77
Lester J Layfield
• Clinical Considerations and Technical Aspects 77
• Cytologic Features of Normal Lung 78
• Specific and Nonspecific Inflammatory Changes 80
• Pulmonary Neoplasms 83
• Metastatic Lesions to the Lung 96
• Pleural Lesions 97
6. The Breast 104
Shahla Masood, Marilin Rosa
• Inflammatory and Reactive Lesions 105
• Nonproliferative Breast Changes 107
• Fibroepithelial Tumors 108
• Proliferative Breast Disease 110
• Papillary Neoplasms 113
• In Situ Lesions of the Breast 115
• Invasive Carcinoma 116
• Mesenchymal Tumors 121
• Lymphoproliferative Disorders 123
• Lesions of the Male Breast 124
7. Fine Needle Aspiration of Lymphoid Lesions 133
Hasan Ghaffar
• Technical Considerations 134
• Ancillary Studies 134
• Diagnosis of Lymphoma 136
8. Liver 149
Harvey M Cramer
• Clinical Considerations and Technical Aspects 149
• Localized Lesions and Lesions of Infectious Etiology 152
• Primary Hepatic Neoplasms 155
9. Pancreas Cytology 174
Martha Bishop Pitman, Barbara A Centeno
• Specimen Preparation and Tissue Triage 174
• Normal Pancreas and Gastrointestinal Contaminants 176
• Pancreatitis 178
• Non-neoplastic Cysts 181
• Solid Neoplasms 183
• Cystic Neoplasms 195
• Metastatic Tumors 205
10. Kidney and Adrenal 211
Harvey M Cramer, Lester J Layfield
• Kidney 211
• Renal Cell Carcinoma, Clear Cell Type 215
• Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma 220
• Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma 222
• Benign Renal Neoplasms 228
• Adrenal 245
• Non-Neoplastic Lesions of the Adrenal 246
• Benign Adrenocortical Nodules Including Adenomas and Hyperplasia 246
• Adrenocortical Carcinoma 247
11. Male and Female Genital Tracts 258
Lester J Layfield
• Clinical Considerations 258
• Prostate 258
• Non-neoplastic Testicular Lesions 262
• Testicular Neoplasms 263
• Lesions of the Ovary, Cervix and Uterine Fundus 268
12. Musculoskeletal System 282
Lester J Layfield
• Musculoskeletal Lesions with a Myxoid or Mucinous Change 283
• Neoplasms of the Adipose Tissue 290
• Giant Cell Containing Lesions of the Musculoskeletal System 297
• Small Round Cell Tumors 302
• Polygonal and Epithelioid Neoplasms 311
• Pleomorphic Sarcomas 318
• Neoplasms with Cartilaginous Differentiation 319
• Bone Forming Lesions 323
• Spindle Cell Lesions 325
13. Pediatric Tumors 338
Jerzy Klijanienko
• General Considerations 338
• Lymphomas (Non-Hodgkin and Hodgkin Lymphomas) 339
• Retroperitoneal Tumors 340
• Round Cell Sarcomas and Other Connective Tissue Tumors 344
• Other Tumors 349
14. Skin and Superficial Subcutaneous Tissue 354
Lester J Layfield
• General Considerations 354
• Diagnostic Accuracy 354
• Complications and Adverse Outcomes 355
• Methodology 355
• Non-Neoplastic Cutaneous Lesions 355
• Cysts of the Skin and Superficial Subcutaneous Tissues 357
• Benign Epithelial Cutaneous Tumors 359
• Malignant Epithelial Tumors 361
• Spindle Cell Lesions of Skin 367
Index 371

Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a popular and effective technique for quick tissue diagnosis. It is used to investigate superficial lumps or masses that are just under the skin.
This atlas is a practical guide to fine need aspiration cytology for trainees and pathologists. Beginning with an introduction to its clinical use and techniques, the following chapters examine the procedure in all anatomical regions of the body, including lung and pleura, breast, liver, kidney and musculoskeletal system. A complete chapter is dedicated to its use for paediatric tumours.
The book covers both rare and common neoplastic lesions, with key features listed in tabular form for each one.
Written by a recognised expert from the University of Missouri, the atlas is highly illustrated with colour images that present cytological features as well as relevant immunohistochemical and molecular findings.

Key points
• Practical guide to fine needle aspiration cytology for trainees and pathologists
• Covers all anatomical regions
• Complete chapter dedicated to paediatric tumours
• Authored by recognised expert from University of Missouri

Author information
Lester J Layfield MD FASCP
Professor and Chairman, Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA