ATLAS OF FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY FOR REGIONAL ANESTHESIA AND PAIN MEDICINE

This is the first atlas to depict in high-resolution images the fine structure of the spinal canal, the nervous plexuses, and the peripheral nerves in relation to clinical practice. The Atlas of Functional Anatomy for Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine contains more than 1500 images of unsurpassed quality, most of which have never been published, including scanning electron microscopy images of neuronal ultrastructures, macroscopic sectional anatomy, and three-dimensional images reconstructed from patient imaging studies. Each chapter begins with a short introduction on the covered subject but then allows the images to embody the rest of the work; detailed text accompanies figures to guide readers through anatomy, providing evidence-based, clinically relevant information. Beyond clinically relevant anatomy, the book features regional anesthesia equipment (needles, catheters, surgical gloves) and overview of some cutting edge research instruments (e.g. scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy).
Of interest to regional anesthesiologists, interventional pain physicians, and surgeons, this compendium is meant to complement texts that do not have this type of graphic material in the subjects of regional anesthesia, interventional pain management, and surgical techniques of the spine or peripheral nerves.

Author
Miguel Angel Reina, MD, PhD
Department of Clinical Medical Sciences and Institute of Applied Molecular Medicine. School of Medicine. University of CEU San Pablo. Madrid, Spain. Department of Anesthesiology. Madrid-Montepríncipe. University Hospital. Madrid, Spain.

Table of contents (50 chapters)
1.Ultrastructure of Myelinated and Unmyelinated Axons
2.Macrophages, Mastocytes, and Plasma Cells
3.Ultrastructure of the Endoneurium
4.Ultrastructure of the Perineurium
5.Ultrastructure of the Epineurium
6.Origin of the Fascicles and Intraneural Plexus
7.Macroscopic View of the Cervical Plexus and Brachial Plexus
8.Cross-Sectional Microscopic Anatomy of the Brachial Plexus and Paraneural Sheaths
9.Macroscopic View of the Lumbar Plexus and Sacral Plexus
10.Cross-sectional Microscopic Anatomy of the Sciatic Nerve and its Dissected Branches
11.Cross-sectional Microscopic Anatomy of the Sciatic Nerve and Paraneural Sheaths
12.Computerized Tomographic Images of Intraneural Injection
13.Ultrasound View of Intraneural Injection
14.Histologic Features of Needle-Nerve and Intraneural Injection Injury as Seen on Light Microscopy
15.Structure of Nerve Lesions After “In Vitro” Punctures
16.Scanning Electron Microscopy View of In Vitro Intraneural Injections
17.Injection of Dye Inside the Paraneural Sheath of the Sciatic Nerve in the Popliteal Fossa
18.High-Definition and Three-Dimensional Volumetric Ultrasound Imaging of the Sciatic Nerve
19.Spinal Dural Sac, Nerve Root Cuffs, Rootlets, and Nerve Roots
20.Ultrastructure of Spinal Dura Mater
21.Ultrastructure of the Spinal Arachnoid Layer
22.Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Spinal Dural Sac
23.Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Spinal Epidural Fat
24.Ultrastructure of Human Spinal Trabecular Arachnoid
25.Ultrastructure of Spinal Pia Mater
26.Ultrastructure of Spinal Subdural Compartment: Origin of Spinal Subdural Space
27.Unintentional Subdural and Intradural Placement of Epidural Catheters
28.Ultrastructure of Human Spinal Nerve Roots
29.Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Cauda Equina Nerve Roots
30.Spinal Nerve Root Lesions After “In Vitro” Needle Puncture
31.Nerve Root Cuff Lesions After “In Vitro” Needle Puncture and Model of “In Vitro” Nerve Stimuli Caused by Epidural Catheters
32.Ligamentum Flavum and Related Spinal Ligaments
33.The Ligamentum Flavum
34.Subarachnoid (Intrathecal) Ligaments
35.Displacement of the Nerve Roots of Cauda Equina in Different Positions
36.Anatomy of the Thoracic Spinal Canal in Different Postures: An MRI Investigation
37.Three-Dimensional Visualization of Spinal Cerebrospinal Fluid and Cauda Equina Nerve Roots, and Estimation of a Related Vulnerability Ratio
38.Ultrastructure of Nerve Root Cuffs: Dura-Epineurium Transition Tissue
39.Ultrastructure of Nerve Root Cuffs: Arachnoid Layer–Perineurium Transition Tissue at Preganglionic, Ganglionic, and Postganglionic Levels
40.Spinal Cord Stimulation
41.Ultrastructure of Dural Lesions Produced in Lumbar Punctures
42.Injections of Particulate Steroids for Nerve Root Blockade: Ultrastructural Examination of Complicating Factors
43.Nerve Root and Types of Needles Used in Transforaminal Injections
44.Needles in Regional Anesthesia
45.Catheters in Regional Anesthesia
46.Epidural Filters and Particles from Surgical Gloves
47.Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Spinal Cerebrospinal Fluid, Roots, and Surrounding Structures
48.Cerebrospinal Fluid and Root Volume Quantification from Magnetic Resonance Images
49.Scanning Electron Microscopy
50.Transmission Electron Microscopy