BEST EVIDENCE STRUCTURAL INTERVENTIONS FOR HIV PREVENTION

Chapter 1. Overview of Interventions to Decrease Injection Drug Use Risk
Case Study 1. Legalization of Needle and Syringe Sale and Possession: Effect on Connecticut Injection Drug Users"" Injection Practices
Case Study 2. The SHAKTI Intervention in Bangladesh:(Stopping HIV/AIDS through Knowledge and Training Initiatives)A Needle Exchange Program""s Effect on Injection Drug Users"" Injection
Case Study 3. Providing a Safer Injection Facility to Injection Drug Users: InSite: A Safer Injection Facility in Vancouver, British Columbia
Case Study 4. Needle Social Marketing Strategy in China: Effect on Chinese Injection Drug Users"" Injection Practices
Case Study 5. The Vietnam and China Cross-Border Project: Effect on HIV Risk Behaviors of Injection Drug Users

Chapter 2. History and Politics of Structural Change to Reduce HIV Due to Non-Commercial Sex Risk
Case Study 6. Louisiana""s Condom Social Marketing Program: Effect of Improved Availability and Access on Use
Case Study 7. Promoting Sexual Responsibility Among Youth in Zimbabwe: Effect of an Extensive Multimedia Campaign on Indicators of Safer Sex
Case Study 8. The 100% Jeune Social Marketing Campaign: Effect on Condom Use among Youth in Cameroon
Case Study 9. Twenda na Wakati (Lets Go with the Times):Effects of a Radio Soap Opera on HIV/AIDS Prevention in Tanzania
Case Study 10. A Safer Sex Media Campaign in Lexington, Kentucky: Using Public Service Announcements to Promote Condom Use

Chapter 3. Overview of Structural Interventions to Decrease Commercial Sex Risk
Case Study 11. Mandatory Condom Law in Nevada Brothels: Using Policy to Change Condom Use Practices
Case Study 12. Compromiso Collectivo: Reducing HIV Risk among Female Sex Workers in the Dominican Republic
Case Study 13. A Social and Structural Intervention in the Philippines: Effect on Condom Use of Establishment-Based Female Sex Workers
Case Study 14. The 100% Condom Program in Thailand: Using Public Policy Change to Increase Condom Use in Brothels
Case Study 15. The Sonagachi Project: Empowering Sex Workers in the Songagchi District of Calcutta, India

Chapter 4. Overview of Structural Interventions to Increase Voluntary Counseling and Testing(VCT) and Antiretroviral Therapy (ART)
Case Study 16. Mandatory Offering of HIV Screening during Prenatal Visits: The Experience of Southeastern France in Response to National Policy
Case Study 17. Free Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy in Taiwan: Effect of a Country-Wide Policy on HIV Transmission
Case Study 18. A Drama-Based HIV Intervention in South Africa: Effect on Voluntary Counseling and Testing

In the fourth decade of the HIV epidemic, the signs are both encouraging and alarming: fewer people are dying, and more people are living longer with the help of powerful antivirals, yet many areas of the world are seeing new cases on the rise.

Best Evidence Structural Interventions for HIV Prevention reports on successful HIV prevention initiatives from across the globe, representing countries in Europe, Asia, Africa, and the Americas at diverse stages of the epidemic. Spotlighting major worldwide objectives--decreasing risks in IV drug use, commercial sex work, and non-commercial sexual activity and promoting HIV screening, voluntary counseling and testing (VCT), and antiretroviral therapy--these rigorously evaluated interventions are analyzed at individual and community levels. Chapters discuss issues regarding availability and accessibility of resources and populations"" receptivity to change. And the authors examine related ethical challenges, including whether interventions should also target larger problems fueling the epidemic such as poverty and inequality. Among the programs featured:

- U.S.: Legal access to needles and syringes
- China: Needle social marketing
- Tanzania: Go with the Times, a radio soap opera
- Dominican Republic: Compromiso Collectivo for female sex workers
- France: Prenatal HIV screening
- South Africa: Drama-based intervention to promote VCT

These life-saving initiatives are worthy of wider recognition, making Best Evidence Structural Interventions for HIV Prevention a superior reference for graduate students and researchers in public health, HIV/AIDS prevention, and health policy. Policymakers and planners will also find these ideas of great importance.