CARDIO-ONCOLOGY. PRINCIPLES, PREVENTION AND MANAGEMENT

• Chapter 1: Current Trends in Cancer Therapy
o Abstract
o PI3K/AKT pathway
o mTOR pathway
o Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway
o EGFR pathway
o Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2
o Anaplastic lymphoma kinase pathway
o Antiangiogenic agents
o VEGF pathway
o Immunotherapy
o Cyclin dependent kinases and their pathways
o Poly ADP ribose polymerase inhibition
o Conclusions
• Chapter 2: Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Anthracycline Cardiotoxicity: Challenges in Cardio-Oncology
o Abstract
o Introduction
o Impaired redox signaling
o Iron overload in mitochondria
o Calcium overload in mitochondria
o Altered mitochondrial dynamics in anthracyclines
o Respiratory defects and altered metabolism in anthracycline cardiotoxicity
o Autophagy in anthracycline cardiotoxicity
o Deregulated molecular signaling pathways in anthracycline cardiotoxicity
o Gender-specific cardiotoxic effects of anthracycline
o Anthracyclines and cardiac remodeling
o Strategies to prevent doxorubicin cardiotoxicity
o Conclusions
• Chapter 3: Common Pathways in Cancer, Tumor Angiogenesis and Vascular Disease
o Abstract
o Introduction
o Hedgehog signaling
o Notch signaling
o Vascular targets for chemotherapy-angiogenesis
o Vascular targets for chemotherapy-vasculogenic mimicry
o Vascular targets for chemotherapy-microvesicular trafficking
o Vascular targets for chemotherapy-vessel maturation
o Hedgehog and cancer biology
o Hedgehog inhibitors in cancer therapy
o Hedgehog and vascular biology
o Notch signaling and tumor biology
o Notch inhibitors
o Notch signaling and vascular biology
o Chemotherapy and vascular disease
o Conclusions
• Chapter 4: Molecular Mechanisms of Anthracycline-Induced Cardiotoxicity
o Abstract
o Historical and clinical perspectives
o Risk factors
o Molecular mechanisms of DOX mediated cardiotoxicity
o Strategies to limit anthracycline toxicities
o Conclusions
• Chapter 5: Cardiotoxic Effects of Anti-VEGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors
o Abstract
o Introduction
o Angiogenesis: a two-edged sword
o Vascular endothelial growth factor and VEGFR signaling pathway
o Mechanisms of action of tyrosine kinase inhibitors targeting VEGFR
o Cardiotoxic effects by antiangiogenic drugs
o Anti-VEGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors
o Conclusions
• Chapter 6: Role of Novel Imaging Techniques in Detection of Chemotoxicity: Cardiac Magnetic Resonance and Radionuclide Imaging
o Abstract
o Introduction
o Current imaging guidelines for the detection of cardiotoxicity
o Radionuclide imaging
o Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging
o Emerging techniques
o Conclusions
• Chapter 7: Cardiotoxicity Induced by Anticancer Drugs-the Role of Biomarkers
o Abstract
o Introduction
o Anticancer drugs and cardiac toxicity
o Detection of cardiac toxicity
o Prevention of cardiac toxicity
o Conclusions
• Chapter 8: Myocardial Ischemia and Cancer Therapy
o Abstract
o Introduction
o Radiation induced ischemic heart disease
o Chemotherapy-induced ischemic heart disease
o Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs)
o Cancer cohort studies-ischemic heart disease
o Monitoring and treatment of ischemic cardiac toxicity
o Conclusions
• Chapter 9: Radiation Therapy and Cardiovascular Risk
o Abstract
o Introduction
o Mechanism of cardiovascular injury in the setting of radiation therapy
o Cardiovascular risk by disease site
o Treatment recommendations
o Conclusions
• Chapter 10: Identification of At-Risk Patients and Comorbidities That Increase Risk
o Abstract
o Cancer and cardiovascular disease
o Overlapping risk factors
o Chemotherapy and heart disease risk
o Risk factors specific to representative chemotherapies
o Risk factors specific to radiotherapy
o Biomarkers in the identification of radiation-induced cardiotoxicity
o Conclusions
• Chapter 11: Late Cardiac Effects in Childhood Cancer Survivors
o Abstract
o Introduction
o Anthracycline and anthracycline-like agents
o Thoracic radiation
o Risk factors of cardiotoxicity
o Risk assessment and screening for cardiotoxicity
o Preventing and treating cardiotoxicity
o Conclusions
• Chapter 12: Chemotherapy-Induced Amenorrhea and Menopause: Cardiovascular Implications
o Abstract
o Menopause
o Chemotherapy-induced menopause
o Chemotherapy and the ovaries
o The cardiovascular consequences of menopause
o Considerations of cardiovascular disease and complications due to chemotherapy-induced menopause
o Menopause treatment options
o Conclusions
• Chapter 13: Cancer and Physical Activity
o Abstract
o Introduction
o Physical activity
o Physical activity during cancer treatment
o Complementary strategies
o Evaluation of physical capacity
o Cardiopulmonary reserve in cancer
o Autonomic dysfunction
o Functional capacity in cancer
o Diastolic function
o Anemia
o Benefits of exercise
o Barriers to exercise
o Conclusions
• Chapter 14: Statins in Cardio-Oncology
o Abstract
o Introduction
o Background
o Statins and cancer
o Statins and mortality among cancer patients
o Statins in oncology population
o Conclusions
• Chapter 15: Coordinating Cardio-Oncology Care
o Abstract
o Introduction
o Cancer and heart disease
o Cardio-oncology: an emerging multidisciplinary field
o Establishment of a cardio-oncology program
o Education of healthcare providers: training and fellowship programs
o Conclusions
• Chapter 16: Assessment of Cardiovascular Risk Beyond Lipid Panel in Cardio-Oncology Patients
o Abstract
o Coronary artery disease and coronary artery calcification
o Highly sensitive C-reactive protein
o Carotid atherosclerosis and intimal medial thickness
o Peripheral atherosclerosis and ankle-brachial index
o Conclusions
• Chapter 17: Hypertension and Cancer
o Abstract
o Introduction
o Epidemiology
o Diagnosis
o Pathophysiology
o Chemotherapy-induced HTN
o Steroid-induced HTN
o Erythropoietin-induced HTN
o Nonpharmacologic therapy induced HTN
o Tumor-related HTN
o Management and treatment
o Conclusions
• Chapter 18: Pulmonary Hypertension and Cancer
o Abstract
o Introduction
o Definition of PH
o Classification of pulmonary hypertension
o Cancer and PAH
o Chemotherapeutic agents and PAH
o Cancer chemotherapeutic agents with potential to treat or prevent PAH
o Role of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI’s) in PAH
o Conclusions
• Chapter 19: The Role of Echocardiography in the Detection of Chemotherapy-Induced Cardiotoxicities
o Abstract
o Introduction
o Standard echocardiographic viewing planes
o Evaluating left ventricular ejection fraction
o 3D echo
o Calculating ejection fraction
o Diastolic dysfunction
o Right ventricular function
o Echocardiographic evaluation of pulmonary pressures
o Strain echo for cardiotoxicity
o Recommended diagnostic algorithm
o Transesophageal echocardiography
o Stress echocardiography
o Valvular dysfunction
o Pericardial disease
o Contrast use during echocardiographic examinations
o Limitations
o Conclusions
o Conflicts
• Chapter 20: Principles of Cancer Rehabilitation
o Abstract
o Introduction/history of cancer rehabilitation
o Cancer-related fatigue and role of therapeutic exercise
o Cancer-related cognitive impairment
o Rehabilitation approach to pain in the patient with cancer
o Lymphedema
o Rehabilitation principles in the patient with breast cancer
o Radiation fibrosis syndrome
o Management of peripheral neuropathy and balance impairment
o Conclusions
o Acknowledgment
• Chapter 21: Management of Advanced Heart Failure in a Cancer Patient
o Abstract
o Case
o Effect of advanced heart failure on cardiac risk of oncologic surgeries
• Chapter 22: Heart Transplantation and Left Ventricular Assist Devices in Cancer Survivors
o Abstract
o Introduction
o Epidemiology and clinical features of therapy-induced cardiomyopathies
o Role of mechanical circulatory support in cancer survivors
o Heart transplantation in cancer survivors
o De novo malignancies after heart transplantation
o Cancer survivors as organ donors
o Conclusions
• Chapter 23: Chemotherapy-Associated Arrhythmias
o Abstract
o Introduction
o Atrial fibrillation
o Anthracyclines
o Cardiac toxicity
o Electrophysiologic toxicity
o Antimetabolites
o Alkylating agents
o HER2-targeting agents and tyrosine kinase inhibitors
o Antimicrotubule agents
o Arsenic trioxide
o Thalidomide
o Histone deacetylase inhibitors
o Interleukin-2
o Amsacrine
o Conclusions

Features:
• Covers basic science of cardio-oncology to provide readers with the necessary background
• Addresses cardiotoxicity related to current cancer therapeutic modalities
• Discusses diagnostic and management approaches of patients with underlying cardiac risk factors as well as otherwise healthy cancer patients

Authors
• Roberta A. Gottlieb, Professor of Medicine, Director of Molecular Cardiobiology, Dorothy and E. Phillip Lyon Chair in Molecular Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Barbra Streisand Women’s Heart Center.
• Puja K Mehta, Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute