DEEP BRAIN STIMULATION: INDICATIONS AND APPLICATIONS

• INTRODUCTION TO DEEP BRAIN STIMULATION
Overview of the History and Application of Deep Brain Stimulation
Biophysical Fundamentals of Neural Excitation
Motor Circuit Activity in Parkinson’s Disease
Neuroimaging in Deep Brain Stimulation
Ethical Considerations in the Use of Deep Brain Stimulation
• CLINICAL APPLICATIONS
Deep Brain Stimulation for Parkinson’s Disease
Deep Brain Stimulation for Tremor
Deep Brain Stimulation for Dystonia
Deep Brain Stimulation for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Deep Brain Stimulation for Touret te’s Syndrome
Deep Brain Stimulation for Treatment-Resistant Depression
Deep Brain Stimulation for Chronic Pain
Deep Brain Stimulation for Medically Refractory Epilepsy
Deep Brain Stimulation for Memory Dysfunction
Deep Brain Stimulation for Cluster Headache
Functional Electrical Stimulation for the Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury
• RESEARCH ON MECHANISMS OF DBS AND NEUROMODULATION
Theories of Deep Brain Stimulation Mechanisms
The Role of Astrocytes in Deep Brain Stimulation
Electrochemical Measurement of Neurochemical Concentrations
Electrodes for Neural Stimulation and Monitoring
Closed-Loop Control Systems for Deep Brain Stimulation Therapy
Molecular and Cellular Neuromodulation for Central Nervous System Injury and Regeneration

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a widely used therapy for movement disorders such as Parkinson's disease, essential tremor, and dystonia. Its therapeutic success has led to the application of DBS for an increasing spectrum of conditions. However, the fundamental relationships between neural activation, neurochemical transmission, and clinical outcomes during DBS are not well understood.
Drawing on the clinical and research expertise of the Mayo Clinic Neural Engineering Laboratories, this book addresses the history of therapeutic electrical stimulation of the brain, its current application and outcomes, and theories about its underlying mechanisms. It reviews research on measures of local stimulation–evoked neurochemical release, imaging research on stimulation-induced neural circuitry activation, and the state of the art on closed-loop feedback devices for stimulation delivery.

Features
• Introduces DBS as a therapeutic application and a research tool
• Is basic enough for those new to the field and complete enough for those with clinical or research interests in DBS
• Introduces the history and biophysical fundamentals of neural stimulation
• Summarizes ethical considerations for DBS and its application and outcomes in 11 different disorders
• Reviews current theories of DBS therapeutic action, as well as the cellular and molecular mechanisms of neuromodulation and recent research on novel devices for stimulation delivery and measurement of brain activity

Authors
• Kendall H. Lee is a stereotactic and functional neurosurgeon at Mayo Clinic with internationally recognized expertise in deep brain stimulation. His MD and PhD are from Yale University. He is a professor in the Departments of Neurosurgery, Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, and Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. He is director of the Neural Engineering Laboratories, focused on understanding the mechanisms of action of DBS and developing novel devices for neuromodulation.
• Penelope S. Duffy is an associate director of the Neural Engineering Laboratories at Mayo Clinic with a PhD from the University of Minnesota. Dr. Duffy had a 27-year research and clinical career in neurologically based communication disorders and is the author of a graduate textbook on right hemisphere cognitive impairments. She has scientific papers in that area and in deep brain stimulation, and two books in the trade press.
• Allan J. Bieber is an associate professor of Neurologic Surgery, associate director of the Neural Engineering Laboratories and of the Neurobiology of Disease Graduate Program in the Mayo Clinic College of Medicine. His PhD is in cellular and developmental biology from Harvard Medical School.