DELIVERY SYSTEMS FOR TUBERCULOSIS PREVENTION AND TREATMENT

1 Introduction: A Guide to Treatment and Prevention of Tuberculosis Based on Principles of Dosage Form Design and Delivery 1
• Section 1 Pathogen and Host 11
2 Host Pathogen Biology for Airborne Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Cellular and Molecular Events in the Lung 13
3 Animal Models of Tuberculosis 48
• Section 2 Immunological Intervention 67
4 Vaccine Preparation: Past, Present, and Future 69
5 TB Vaccine Assessment 91
• Section 3 Drug Treatment 111
6 Testing Inhaled Drug Therapies for Treating Tuberculosis 113
7 Preclinical Pharmacokinetics of Antitubercular Drugs 131
8 Drug Particle Manufacture – Supercritical Fluid, High -Pressure Homogenization 156
9 Spray Drying Strategies to Stop Tuberculosis 161
10 Formulation Strategies for Antitubercular Drugs by Inhalation 197
11 Inhaled Drug Combinations 213
12 Ion Pairing for Controlling Drug Delivery 239
13 Understanding the Respiratory Delivery of High Dose Anti -Tubercular Drugs 258
• Section 4 Alternative Approaches 275
14 Respirable Bacteriophage Aerosols for the Prevention and Treatment of Tuberculosis 277
15 RNA Nanoparticles as Potential Vaccines 293
16 Local Pulmonary Host -Directed Therapies for Tuberculosis via Aerosol Delivery 307
• Section 5 Future Opportunities 325
17 Treatments for Mycobacterial Persistence and Biofilm Growth 327
18 Directed Intervention and Immunomodulation against Pulmonary Tuberculosis 346
• Section 6 Clinical Perspective 379
19 Clinical and Public Health Perspectives 381
20 Concluding Remarks: Prospects and Challenges for Advancing New Drug and Vaccine Delivery Systems into Clinical Application 400
References 411
Index 415

Provides a review of novel pharmaceutical approaches for Tuberculosis drugs
• Presents a novel perspective on tuberculosis prevention and treatment
• Considers the nature of disease, immunological responses, vaccine and drug delivery, disposition and response
• Multidisciplinary appeal, with contributions from microbiology, immunology, molecular biology, pharmaceutics, pharmacokinetics, chemical and mechanical engineering.

Author Information
Anthony J. Hickey, Distinguished Fellow (appointed June 2012), is a Program Director in Inhaled Therapeutics in the Center for Aerosol and Nanomaterials Engineering at the Research Triangle Institute, North Carolina, USA.
Dr Hickey has more than 30 years of academic and research experience in pulmonary biology, aerosol physics, powder dynamics, pharmacokinetics and drug disposition, formulation design, and device development. Since joining RTI in 2011, he has conducted research related to pulmonary drug and vaccine delivery for tuberculosis treatment and therapy.
Additionally, Dr. Hickey is an adjunct professor of biomedical engineering at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, emeritus professor of molecular pharmaceutics at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Eshelman School of Pharmacy, and founder and president of Cirrus Pharmaceuticals, Inc.