ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC ATLAS OF ADULT CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE

This atlas of echocardiography presents more than 100 cases of adult congenital heart disease, from diagnosis to treatment follow-up. The coverage is broad, encompassing atrial and ventricular septal defects, patent ductus arteriosus, cyanotic adult congenital heart disease, and numerous other anomalies, as well as findings on fetal echocardiography. For each disease, all echocardiographic images and views which proved of diagnostic value are arranged sequentially, with inclusion of transesophageal echocardiographic images whenever appropriate. Additional pertinent information is provided relating to diagnosis and treatment, and key teaching points are highlighted. The superb quality of the illustrations and the range of cases considered (including many rare ones) ensure that this atlas will be of great value for cardiology residents and fellows and highly relevant to day-to-day practice.

1.Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) Ostium Secundum Type
2.Atrial Septal Defect (Ostium Secundum Type) Attached to the Coronary Sinus
3.Atrial Septal Defect (Ostium Secundum Type) with a Small Rim to the Inferior Vena Cava
4.Atrial Septal Defect (Ostium Secundum Type) with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Subjected to Patch Closure with a Valve
5.Atrial Septal Defect (Ostium Secundum Type) During Device Closure
6.Atrial Septal Defect (Ostium Secundum Type) Closure by the Amplatzer
7.Atrial Septal Defect (Ostium Secundum Type) Unsuitable for Device Closure
8.Fenestrated Interatrail Septum “Swiss Cheese-like Atrial Septal Defect”
9.Multiple Atrial Septal Defects (Ostium Secundum Type)
10.Atrial Septal Defect (Ostium Secundum Type) with an Additional Defect in the Interatrial Septum
11.Multiple Atrial Septal Defects (Ostium Secundum Type)
12.Atrial Septal Defect (Ostium Secundum Type) with Eisenmenger’s Syndrome
13.Follow-up Echocardiography of Atrial Septal Defect Device Closure
14.Atrial Septal Defect (Ostium Secundum Type) with a Prominent Chiari Network
15.Extremely Large Atrial Septal Defect (Ostium Secundum Type) with Severe Tricuspid Regurgitation and Severe Annulus Dilation
16.Patent Foramen Ovale with Aneurysmal Interatrial Septum
17.Patent Foramen Ovale with Partially Aneurysmal Interatrial Septum
18.Interatrial Septal Aneurysm with a Large Patent Foramen Ovale
19.Atrioventricular Septal Defect (Intermediate Form)
20.Atrioventricular Septal Defect (Transitional Form)
21.Atrioventricular Septal Defect (Partial Form)
22.Atrioventricular Septal Defect (Transitional Form)
23.Atrioventricular Septal Defect (Complete Form) and a Common Atrium with Eisenmenger’s Syndrome
24.Common Atrium, Atrioventricular Septal Defect, Interrupted Inferior Vena Cava, Left Persistent Superior Vena Cava, and Left Azygous Vein
25.Complete Atrioventricular Canal
26.Severe Mitral Regurgitation Due to the Anterior Mitral Leaflet Cleft Post Surgery for an Atrioventricular Septal Defect
27.Severe Mitral Regurgitation Post Surgery for an Atrioventricular Septal Defect
28.Sinus Venosus Atrial Septal Defect with a Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return (Two Right Pulmonary Veins)
29.Atrial Septal Defect (Sinus Venosus Type) with a Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return (Two Right Pulmonary Veins)
30.Atrial Septal Defect (Sinus Venosus Type) with a Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return (Three Right Pulmonary Veins)
31.Atrial Septal Defect (Sinus Venosus Type) with a Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return (Right Upper Pulmonary Vein)
32.Left Persistent Superior Vena Cava with an Atrial Septal Defect (Sinus Venosus Type) with a Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return
33.Atrial Septal Defect (Sinus Venosus Type) Below the Inferior Vena Cava with a Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return (Right Lower Pulmonary Vein)
34.Atrial Septal Defect (Sinus Venosus Type) with a Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return Diagnosed by Subcostal Bicaval View
35.Isolated Left Persistent Superior Vena Cava
36.Left Persistent Superior Vena Cava and Cerebral Stroke
37.Left Persistent Superior Vena Cava
38.Unroofed Coronary Sinus
39.Ostium Secundum Accompanied by Sinus Venosus Atrial Septal Defects and Valvular Pulmonary Stenosis
40.Atrial Septal Defect (Ostium Secundum Type) with Valvular Pulmonary Stenosis
41.Abnormal Left Pulmonary Venous Return to the Coronary Sinus
42.Perimembranous Ventricular Septal Defect with No Rim to the Aortic Valve
43.Perimembranous Ventricular Septal Defect
44.Perimembranous Ventricular Septal Defect Partially Closed with the Septal Leaflet of the Tricuspid Valve
45.Perimembranous Ventricular Septal Defect Partially Closed by the Septal Leaflet of the Tricuspid Valve
46.Muscular Ventricular Septal Defect in the Lower Part of the Interventricular Septum
47.Muscular Ventricular Septal Defect Located High in Interventricular Septum
48.Muscular Ventricular Septal Defect, Intermediate Location in Interventricular Septum
49.Perimembranous Ventricular Septal Defect with Fibromuscular Ridge Formation in the Right Ventricular Outflow Tract
50.Ventricular Septal Defect Almost Closed by the Aneurysm Formation of the Septum
51.Ventricular Septal Defect Partially Closed by the Aneurysm Formation of the Septal Basal Segment and Septal Leaflet of Tricuspid Valve
52.Doubly Committed Ventricular Septal Defect with No Aortic Regurgitation
53.Doubly Committed Ventricular Septal Defect
54.Ventricular Septal Defect Device Closure
55.Residual Ventricular Septal Defect Post Surgery (Patch Closure)
56.Ventricular Septal Defect with Infective Endocarditis
57.Ventricular Septal Defect with Subvalvular Membranous Aortic Stenosis
58.Ventricular Septal Defect with Eisenmenger’s Syndrome
59.Ventricular Septal Defect, Patent Ductus Arteriosus, and Eisenmenger’s Syndrome
60.Ventricular Septal Defect Completely Closed
61.Ventricular Septal Defect with Subvalvular Pulmonary Stenosis
62.Perimembranous Ventricular Septal Defect and Subvalvular Pulmonary Stenosis with an Additional Apical VSD
63.Ventricular Septal Defect and Subvalvular Pulmonary Stenosis
64.Ventricular Septal Defects and Double-Chamber Right Ventricle
65.Patent Ductus Arteriosus Type B by Transthoracic and Transesophageal Echocardiography in a Middle-Aged Woman
66.Patent Ductus Arteriosus Type B by Transthoracic and Transesophageal Echocardiography in a Young Woman
67.Patent Ductus Arteriosus by Transthoracic and Transesophageal Echocardiography
68.Patent Ductus Arteriosus and Pulmonary Insufficiency
69.Patent Ductus Arteriosus by Transthoracic Echocardiography
70.Patent Ductus Arteriosus with Eisenmenger’s Syndrome
71.Large Patent Ductus Arteriosus (Type A) with Eisenmenger’s Syndrome
72.Patent Ductus Arteriosus Device Closure
73.Tetralogy of Fallot with an Additional VSD, Good Nakata Index, and Abnormal Course of the Coronary Artery
74.Tetralogy of Fallot, Small Pulmonary Annulus, and Low Nakata Index
75.Tetralogy of Fallot and Pulmonary Atresia
76.Postsurgery of Tetralogy of Fallot, Aneurysm of the Right Ventricular Outflow Tract, and Branch Pulmonary Insufficiency
77.Post Surgery of Tetralogy of Fallot: Severe Pulmonary Insufficiency with Normal Right Ventricular Systolic Function
78.Post Surgery of Tetralogy of Fallot: Severe Pulmonary Insufficiency with Moderate Right Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction
79.Modified Blalock–Taussig Shunt
80.Senning Operation with Mild Systemic Ventricular Dysfunction
81.Senning Operation with Acceptable Intra-Baffle Gradients
82.Congenitally Corrected Transposition of the Great Arteries with Subaortic Stenosis
83.Congenitally Corrected Transposition of the Great Arteries, Dextrocardia, and Subvalvular Pulmonary Stenosis
84.Valvular Pulmonary Stenosis and Atrial Septal Defect
85.Severe Valvular Pulmonary Stenosis and Patent Foramen Ovale
86.Severe Valvular and Subvalvular Pulmonary Stenosis
87.Severe Valvular Pulmonary Stenosis and Bicuspid Pulmonary Valve
88.Moderate Valvular Pulmonary Stenosis with Moderate Pulmonary Regurgitation
89.Peripheral Pulmonary Stenosis: Moderate Restenosis of Right Pulmonary Artery Stenting
90.Subvalvular Aortic Stenosis (Membranous Type Without Attachment to Anterior Mitral Leaflet) with Severe Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Obstruction and Severe Aortic Regurgitation
91.Subvalvular Aortic Stenosis (Membranous Type with Circular Web) with Severe Left Ventricular Outflow Tract and Moderate Aortic Regurgitation
92.Subvalvular AS Membranous Type with Mild Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Obstruction and No Aortic Regurgitation
93.Subvalvular Aortic Stenosis: Fibromuscular Type with Severe Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Obstruction
94.Subvalvular Aortic Stenosis with Atrial Septal Defect (Ostium Secundum Type)
95.Subvalvular Aortic Stenosis (Membranous Type) with Severe Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Obstruction and Moderately Severe Aortic Regurgitation with Ascending Aorta Dilation
96.Valvular and Subvalvular Aortic Stenosis with Bicuspid Aortic Valve
97.Recurrence of Subvalvular Aortic Stenosis After Surgery with Mild Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Obstruction and Moderate Aortic Regurgitation
98.Recurrence of Subvalvular Aortic Stenosis After Surgery with Severe Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Obstruction and Severe Aortic Regurgitation
99.Bicuspid Aortic Valve and Severe Aortic Regurgitation with Dilation of the Sinus of Valsalva
100.Bicuspid Aortic Valve and Severe Aortic Regurgitation with Dilation of the Sinus of Valsalva
101.Bicuspid Aortic Valve with Severe Aortic Stenosis and Dilation of the Ascending Aorta
102.Bicuspid Aortic Valve and Rupture of the Chordae of the Posterior Mitral Leaflet
103.Supravalvular Aortic Stenosis – Hourglass Type
104.Supravalvular Aortic Stenosis – Tubular Type
105.Parachute Mitral Valve and Interrupted Aortic Arch
106.Parachute Mitral Valve
107.Interrupted Aortic Arch, Transposition of Great Arteries, Atrial Septal Defect, Ventricular Septal Defect, and Patent Ductus Arteriosus
108.Quadricuspid Aortic Valve and Severe Aortic Regurgitation
109.Quadricuspid Aortic Valve and Severe Aortic Regurgitation with Mild Dilation of Ascending Aorta
110.Rupture of the Sinus of Valsalva: The Right Coronary Cusp to the Right Ventricle
111.Rupture of the Sinus of Valsalva: Noncoronary Cusp to the Right Atrium
112.Coronary Arteriovenous Fistula: Left Coronary Artery to the Main Pulmonary Artery
113.Cor Triatriatum
114.Common Atrium, Atrioventricular Septal Defect, and Subvalvular Aortic Stenosis
115.Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection
116.Truncus Arteriosus
117.Severe Pulmonary Insufficiency Post Percutaneous Pulmonary Valvuloplasty
118.Double-Outlet Right Ventricle: “Taussig–Bing Complex and Isenmenger Syndrome”
119.Double-Outlet Right Ventricle: Taussig–Bing Syndrome
120.Double-Outlet Right Ventricle, Atretic Pulmonary Valve, and Subaortic Ventricular Septal Defect
121.Situs Inversus, Dextrocardia, Corrected Transposition of Great Arteries, Subpulmonic Ventricular Septal Defect, and Pulmonary Stenosis
122.Single Ventricle, Malposition of Great Arteries, and Valvular and Subvalvular Pulmonary Stenosis
123.Fontan Operation in a Patient with Single Ventricle
124.Fontan Operation
125.Tricuspid Atresia with Pulmonary Atresia
126.Tricuspid Atresia with Inlet VSD
127.Ebstein’s Anomaly with Severe Tricuspid Regurgitation
128.Ebstein’s Anomaly with Moderate Tricuspid Regurgitation, Mild Septal Displacement Ratio, and Grade 1 Right Atrial Cavity Ratio
129.Ebstein’s Anomaly with Severe Tricuspid Regurgitation
130.Ebstein’s Anomaly with Severe Tricuspid Regurgitation, Severe Septal Displacement Ratio, and Grade 3 Right Atrial Cavity Ratio
131.Ebstein’s Anomaly with Severe Tricuspid Regurgitation, Mild Septal Displacement Ratio, and Grade 4 Right Atrial Cavity Ratio
132.Ebstein’s Anomaly with Moderate Tricuspid Regurgitation and Moderate Septal Displacement Ratio
133.Ebstein’s Anomaly with Severe Tricuspid Regurgitation
134.Ebstein’s Anomaly with Valvular Pulmonary Stenosis
135.Fetal Heart Echocardiography Focusing Ductal Arch
136.Fetal Heart Echocardiography: Atrioventricular Septal Defect and Common Atrium
137.Fetal Heart Echocardiography Focusing Foramen Oval
138.Fetal Heart Echocardiography of Twins
139.Fetal Heart Echocardiography: Ventricular Septal Defect
140.Fetal Heart Echocardiography Focusing Ductal Arch and Aortic Arch
141.Fetal Heart Echocardiography by Four-Dimensional Reconstruction
142.Fetal Heart Echocardiography Focusing Branching of Main Pulmonary Artery
143.Fetal Heart Echocardiography: Transposition of Great Arteries
144.Fetal Heart Echocardiography: Single Ventricle
145.Fetal Heart Echocardiography: Ventricular Septal Defect Inlet Type
146.Fetal Heart Echocardiography: Atrioventricular Septal Defect
147.Fetal Heart Echocardiography: Transposition of Great Arteries
148.Transposition of Great Arteries
149.Fetal Heart Echocardiography: Pericardial Effusion
150.Situs Inversus Dextrocardia
151.Coarctation of Aortic Valve, Bicuspid Aortic Valve, and Patent Foramen Ovale
152.Coarctation of the Aorta
153.Coarctation of the Aorta Focusing Collaterals
154.Coarctation of the Aorta and Bicuspid Aortic Valve
155.Coarctoplasty Plus Stent Implantation, Ventricular Septal Defect, and Bicuspid Aortic Valve
156.Involvement of Coronary Artery Due to Kawasaki Disease