EMERGENCY POINT-OF-CARE ULTRASOUND, 2ND EDITION

Part 1 Physics 5
1 How Does Ultrasound Work? 7

Part 2 Ultrasound by Region 13
• Thorax 14
2 Evaluation of the Chest Wall, Pleura and Lung 15
3 Point-of-Care Ultrasonography of the Thoracic Aorta 32
4 Anatomy/Ultrasonography of the Heart 39
5 Basic Point-of-Care Echocardiography: Interpretation and Haemodynamic Assessment 47
6 Beyond Basic Point-of-Care Echocardiography 56

• Abdomen 69
7 Ultrasound Assessment of the Abdominal Aorta in the Acute Setting 71
8 Focussed Assessment with Sonography in Trauma – The FAST Exam 83
9 Advanced Gastrointestinal Ultrasound: Identifying Appendicitis, Pneumoperitoneum, Intussusception and Diverticulitis 101
10 Intravascular Volume Assessment by Ultrasound Evaluation of the Inferior Vena Cava 115
11 Emergency Ultrasound in First-Trimester Pregnancy 126
12 Second- and Third-Trimester Pregnancy 143
13 Gynaecological Ultrasound in Emergency Medicine: The Non-Pregnant Female Patient with Abdomino-Pelvic Pain 152
14 Focused Hepatobiliary Ultrasound 162
15 Renal Ultrasound 175
16 Ultrasound Evaluation of the Acute Scrotum 194

• Extremities 203
17 The Lower Limb and the Upper Limb 205
18 Ultrasonography of Deep Venous Thrombosis 221
19 Transcranial Doppler 233
20 Ocular Ultrasound 241
21 Airway/Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) Sonography 251

Part 3 Paediatrics 259
22 Paediatric Musculoskeletal Point-of-Care Ultrasound 261
23 Point-of-Care Ultrasound in Paediatric and Neonatal Intensive Care 270
24 Paediatric Abdominal Ultrasound 280

Part 4 Adjunct to Practical Procedures 287
25 Ultrasound-Guided Vascular Access 289
26 Pericardiocentesis, Paracentesis and Thoracentesis 296
27 Suprapubic Aspiration and Catheterisation 302
28 Ultrasound in the Management of Fractures 307
29 Ultrasound-Guided (USG) Peripheral Nerve Block (PNB) 314
30 Foreign Body and Abscess 331
31 Ultrasound of the Airway 337

Part 5 Syndromic Approach 347
32 Chest Pain and Dyspnea 349
33 Bedside Ultrasound as an Adjunct in J. Dean and Sarah A. Stahmer
34 Point-of-Care Ultrasound in Resuscitation and Cardiac Arrest: The FEEL Protocol 371
35 Non-Invasive Haemodynamics 375
36 Doppler Assessment of Haemodynamics 379
37 Algorithmic Bedside Approach to the Major Trauma Patient in Extremis 386
38 A Syndromic Approach with Sonography to the Patient with Abdominal Pain 392
39 A Syndromic Approach to the Pregnant Patient 400
40 The Use of Ultrasound in Evaluating Dyspnoea/Respiratory Distress in Infants and Children 404
41 Point-of-Care Ultrasound for Human Immune-Deficiency Virus (HIV) and Tuberculosis (TB) Co-Infection: The FASH Scan 410
42 Fever and Ultrasound 418

Part 6 Different Environments 423
43 The Role of Ultrasound in Pre-Hospital Care 425
Appendix A1: Selected Protocols for Cardiac and Critical Care Ultrasound 440
44 Use of Ultrasound in Extreme or Hostile Environments (Online only) 454
45 Setting Up an Ultrasound Programme in Underdeveloped Healthcare Systems (Online only) 462

Part 7 Administration (Online only) 471
46 Best Practice and Future Developments in Point-of-Care Ultrasound (Online only) 473
47 The Role of Phantoms and Simulation in Teaching Ultrasound Skills in Emergency Medicine (Online only) 479
48 Ultrasound in Undergraduate Medical Education (Online only) 487
49 Departmental Implementation: Setting up an Ultrasound Training Programme for Medical Students - Experience of Two Universities (Online only) 493
50 Future of Point-of-Care Ultrasound (Online only) 503
Appendix A2: Normal Ultrasound Values (Online only) 506

Featuring contributions from internationally recognized experts in point-of-care sonography, Emergency Point-of-Care Ultrasound, Second Edition combines a wealth of images with clear, succinct text to help beginners, as well as experienced sonographers, develop and refine their sonography skills.
The book contains chapters devoted to scanning the chest, abdomen, head and neck, and extremities, as well as paediatric evaluations, ultrasound-guided vascular access, and more. An entire section is devoted to the syndromic approach for an array of symptoms and patient populations, including chest and abdominal pain, respiratory distress, HIV and TB coinfected patients, and pregnant patients. Also included is expert guidance on administering ultrasound in a variety of challenging environments, such as communities and regions with underdeveloped healthcare systems, hostile environments, and cyberspace.
Each chapter begins with an introduction to the focused scan under discussion and a detailed description of methods for obtaining useful images. This is followed by examples of normal and abnormal scans, along with discussions of potential pitfalls of the technique, valuable insights from experienced users, and summaries of the most up-to-date evidence.
Emergency Point-of-Care Ultrasound, Second Edition is a valuable working resource for emergency medicine residents and trainees, practitioners who are just bringing ultrasound scanning into their practices, and clinicians with many years of sonographic experience.

Author Information
• James A. Connolly, MBBS, FRCS (ed), FRCS (Glas), FCEM, CFEU is a Consultant in Emergency Medicine at Great North Trauma and Emergency Care Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
• Anthony J. Dean, MD is a Professor of Emergency Medicine and of Emergency Medicine in Radiology; and the Director of the Division of Emergency Ultrasonography at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
• Beatrice Hoffmann, MD, PhD, RDMS is Associate Professor of Emergency Medicine, Ultrasound Division Director, and Emergency Physician at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
• Robert D. Jarman, MBBS, MSc(Medical Ultrasound), FRCS(Ed), FRCEM(UK), FRCP(Ed), CFEU is a Consultant in Emergency Medicine at Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Visiting Professor and MSc Point-of-Care Ultrasound Lead at University of Teesside, Middlesbrough, UK.