EPIGENETICS

In many biological processes the regulation of gene expression involves epigenetic mechanisms. In this new edition of Epigenetics, 36 chapters written by experts in the field introduce and explain epigenetic effects from many perspectives. These include the varied molecular mechanisms underpinning epigenetic regulation, discussion of cellular processes that rely on this kind of regulation, and surveys of model organisms in which epigenetic effects have been most studied.
The original chapters have all been rewritten and brand new chapters cover topics such as the structure, function, and dynamics of histone-modifying enzymes and histone-interacting proteins. Other chapters address chromatin remodeling, DNA methylation, siRNAs, and gene silencing; X-chromosome inactivation, dosage compensation, and imprinting; and epigenetics in microbes, plants, insects, and mammals.
How epigenetic mechanisms act in cell division and cell type specification, and how errors in these pathways contribute to cancer and other human diseases are also considered, along with the importance of epigenetics for induced pluripotency and reprogramming. In addition, new chapters describe the involvement of epigenetic processes in epigenetic inheritance, neuronal development, metabolism and signaling, responses to the environment, and long-range chromatin interactions. A series of short essays highlight important recent discoveries.
All the chapters provide conceptual illustrations that help readers understand epigenetic control. The book is thus a benchmark text for advanced undergraduate and graduate courses on gene regulation, as well as an essential resource for scientists interested in this rapidly moving field.

Authors
C. David Allis, The Rockefeller University; Marie-Laure Caparros, London; Thomas Jenuwein, Max-Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics; Danny Reinberg, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York University School of Medicine-Smilow Research Center; Associate Editor Monika Lachlan, Max-Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics.

Contents
Preface
Acknowledgments
1 A Brief History of Epigenetics
2 The Next Generation: Young Scientists Forging Exciting New Discoveries in Epigenetic Research
The Discovery of Histone Demethylases
Cellular Reprogramming
IncRNAs: Linking RNA to Chromatin
Enhancer RNAs: A Class of Long Noncoding RNAs Synthesized at Enhancers
Expanding the Epigenetic Landscape: Novel Modifications of Cytosine in Genomic DNA
Plant Mobile Small RNAs
CpG Island Chromatin Is Shaped by Recruitment of ZF-CxxC Proteins
Bromodomain and Extraterminal Domain Inhibitors (BETi) for Cancer Therapy: Chemical Modulation of Chromatin Structure
Pharmacological Inhibition of Bromodomain-Containing Proteins in Inflammation
Histone H3 Mutations in Pediatric Brain Tumors
Chromosome Folding: Driver or Passenger of Epigenetic State?
3 Overview and Concepts
4 Writers and Readers of Histone Acetylation: Structure, Mechanism, and Inhibition
5 Erasers of Histone Acetylation: The Histone Deacetylase Enzymes
6 Structural and Functional Coordination of DNA and Histone Methylation
7 A Structural Perspective on Readout of Epigenetic Histone and DNA Methylation Marks
8 Epigenetics in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
9 Epigenetic Regulation of Chromatin States in Schizosaccharomyces pombe
10 Neurospora crassa, a Model System for Epigenetics Research
11 Epigenetics of Ciliates
12 Position-Effect Variegation, Heterochromatin Formation, and Gene Silencing in Drosophila
13 Epigenetic Regulation in Plants
14 The Use of Mouse Models to Study Epigenetics
15 DNA Methylation in Mammals
16 RNAi and Heterochromatin Assembly
17 Transcriptional Silencing by Polycomb-Group Proteins
18 Transcriptional Regulation by Trithorax-Group Proteins
19 Long-Range Chromatin Interactions
20 Histone Variants and Epigenetics
21 Nucleosome Remodeling and Epigenetics
22 Maintenance of Epigenetic Information
23 Regulation of the X Chromosomes in Caenorhabditis elegans
24 Dosage Compensation in Drosophila
25 Dosage Compensation in Mammals
26 Genomic Imprinting in Mammals
27 Germline and Pluripotent Stem Cells
28 Induced Pluripotency and Epigenetic Reprogramming
29 Epigenetic Control of Immunity
30 Metabolic Signaling to Chromatin
31 Epigenetic Regulation in Plant Responses to the Environment
32 Histone and DNA Modifications as Regulators of Neuronal Development and Function
33 Epigenetics and Human Disease
34 Epigenetic Determinants of Cancer
35 Histone Modifications and Cancer
36 The Necessity of Chromatin: A View in Perspective
Appendix 1: WWW Resource Pages
Appendix 2: Comprehensive Catolog of Currently Documented Histone Modifications
Index