IMAGING ANATOMY OF THE HUMAN SPINE. A COMPREHENSIVE ATLAS INCLUDING ADJACENT STRUCTURES

Preface
Acknowledgments
• THE CRANIOCERVICAL JUNCTION
Embryology of the Craniocervical Junction
Developmental Anatomy of the Craniocervical Junction
The Occiput
The Atlas
The Axis
The C0–C1 Joint Complex
The C1–C2 Joint Complex
Ligamentous Anatomy of the Craniocervical Junction
Arterial Anatomy of the Craniocervical Junction
Venous Anatomy of the Craniocervical Junction
Meninges and Spaces of the Craniocervical Junction
Neural Anatomy of the Craniocervical Junction
Craniometry and Measurements of the Craniocervical Junction
Gallery of Common Anatomic Variants
Suggested Readings
• 2. THE SUBAXIAL CERVICAL SPINE
Developmental Anatomy of the Subaxial Cervical Spine
Multimodality Atlas Images of the Subaxial Cervical Spine
Plain Films (Figures 2.3a–2.3e)
CT (Figures 2.3f–2.3l)
MR (Figures 2.3m–2.3r)
Osteology of the C3–C7 Segments
The Intervertebral Discs of the Subaxial Cervical Spine
The Zygapophyseal (Facet) Joints
The Uncovertebral (Luschka) Joints
Ligamentous Anatomy of the Subaxial Cervical Spine
Arterial Anatomy of the Subaxial Cervical Spine
Venous Anatomy of the Subaxial Cervical Spine
Meninges and Spaces of the Subaxial Cervical Spine
Neural Anatomy of the Subaxial Cervical Spine
Gallery of Anatomic Variants and Various Congenital Anomalies
Suggested Readings
• 3. THE THORACIC SPINE
Developmental Anatomy of the Thoracic Spine
Multimodality Atlas Images of the Thoracic Spine
Plain Films (Figures 3.3a–3.3b)
CT (Figures 3.3c–3.3l)
MR (Figures 3.3m–3.3zz)
Osteology of the Thoracic Segments
The Intervertebral Discs of the Thoracic Spine
The Zygapophyseal (Facet) Joints
The Costovertebral and Costotransverse Joints
Ligamentous Anatomy of the Thoracic Spine
Arterial Anatomy of the Thoracic Spine
Venous Anatomy of the Thoracic Spine
Meninges and Spaces of the Thoracic Spine
Neural Anatomy of the Thoracic Spine
Gallery of Anatomic Variants and Various Congenital Anomalies
Suggested Readings
• 4. THE LUMBAR SPINE
Developmental Anatomy of the Lumbar Spine
Multimodality Atlas Images of the Lumbar Spine
Plain Films (Figures 4.4a–4.4c)
CT (Figures 4.4d–4.4q)
MR (Figures 4.4r–4.4y)
Osteology of the Lumbar Segments
The Zygapophyseal Joints
Lumbosacral Transitional Anatomy
The Lateral Recesses and Intervertebral Foramina
The Intervertebral Discs of the Lumbar Spine
Ligamentous Anatomy of the Lumbar Spine
Arterial Anatomy of the Lumbar Spine
Venous Anatomy of the Lumbar Spine
Meninges and Spaces of the Lumbar Spine
Neural Anatomy of the Lumbar Spine
Gallery of Anatomic Variants and Various Congenital Anomalies
Suggested Readings
• 5. THE SACRUM AND COCCYX
Developmental Anatomy of the Sacrum and Coccyx
Osteology of the Sacrum
The Sacral Foramina
Axial CT Images From Superior (Figure 5.13a)–Inferior (Figure 5.13f)
Axial T1-Weighted TSE Images From Superior (Figure 5.13g)–Inferior (Figure 5.13m)
The L5–S1 Zygapophyseal Joints
The Sacroiliac Joints
Lumbosacral Transitional Anatomy
Ligamentous Anatomy of the Sacrum
Arterial Anatomy of the Lumbar Spine
Venous Anatomy of the Lumbar Spine
Meninges and Spaces of the Lumbar Spine
Neural Anatomy of the Lumbar Spine
The Coccyx
Gallery of Anatomic Variants and Various Congenital Anomalies
Suggested Readings
• 6. THE PARASPINAL MUSCULATURE
Cervical Paraspinal Muscles
Thoracic Paraspinal Muscles
Lumbosacral Paraspinal Muscles
Master Legend Key
Index

An Atlas for the 21st Century
The most precise, cutting-edge images of normal spinal anatomy available today are the centerpiece of this spectacular atlas for clinicians, trainees, and students in the neurologically-based medical specialties. Truly an “atlas for the 21st century,” this comprehensive visual reference presents a detailed overview of spinal anatomy acquired through the use of multiple imaging modalities and advanced techniques that allow visualization of structures not possible with conventional MRI or CT. A series of unique full-color structural images derived from 3D models based on actual images in the book further enhances understanding of spinal anatomy and spatial relationships.
Written by two neuroradiologists who are also prominent educators, the atlas begins with a brief introduction to the development, organization, and function of the human spine. What follows is more than 1,000 meticulously presented and labelled images acquired with the full complement of standard and advanced modalities currently used to visualize the human spine and adjacent structures—including x-ray, fluoroscopy, MRI, CT, CTA, MRA, digital subtraction angiography, and ultrasound of the neonatal spine. The vast array of data that these modes of imaging provide offer a wider window into the spine and allow the reader an unobstructed view of the anatomy presented to inform clinical decisions or enhance understanding of this complex region. Additionally, various anatomic structures can be viewed from modality to modality and from multiple planes.
This state-of-the-art atlas elevates conventional anatomic spine topography to the cutting edge of technology. It will serve as an authoritative learning tool in the classroom, and as a crucial practical resource at the workstation or in the office or clinic.

Key Features:
• Provides detailed views of anatomic structures within and around the human spine utilizing over 1,000 high quality images across a broad range of imaging modalities
• Contains several examples of the use of imaging anatomic landmarks in the performance of interventional spine procedures
• Contains extensively labeled images of all regions of the spine and adjacent areas that can be compared and contrasted across modalities
• Serves as an authoritative learning tool for students and trainees and practical reference for clinicians in multiple specialties.

Authors
• Neil M. Borden, MD, Associate Professor of Radiology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Health Sciences University, Augusta, GA, USA. Dr. Borden is a neuroradiologist who trained in endovascular neurosurgery at the Barrow Neurological Institute in Phoenix and practiced at Penn and Cleveland Clinic prior to joining the faculty at Medical College of Georgia earlier this year to devote more time to teaching. I published his 3D Angiographic Atlas of Neurovascular Anatomy and Pathology at Cambridge, and worked with him on a pattern recognition neuroimaging handbook that will be released this fall.
• Scott F. Forseen, MD, Assistant Professor of Radiology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Health Sciences University, Augusta, GA, USA.


Table of Contents
• 1.THE CRANIOCERVICAL JUNCTION
• 2. THE SUBAXIAL CERVICAL SPINE
• 3. THE THORACIC SPINE
• 4. THE LUMBAR SPINE
• 5. THE SACRUM AND COCCYX
• 6. THE PARASPINAL MUSCULATURE