INFECTIOUS DISEASES AND CONDITIONS. 2ND EDITION. 3 VOLS.

Volume 1
Contents v
Publisher’s Note ix
Editor’s Introduction to the First Edition xiii
Editor’s Introduction to the Second Edition xv
Contributors . xvii
Abscesses 1
Acanthamoeba and other
free-living infections 3
Acariasis 5
Acne . 7
Actinomycosis 9
Acute cerebellar ataxia . 10
Acute cystitis 11
Acute interstitial nephritis . 13
Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis . 14
Adenoviridae . 15
Adenovirus infections 16
Adenovirus vaccine 17
African sleeping sickness 19
Agammaglobulinemia 20
Aging and infectious disease . 22
AIDS 26
Airborne illness and disease . 30
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis 34
Alliance for the Prudent Use of Antibiotics . 35
Alternative therapies for infectious diseases 36
Amebic dysentery 40
Aminoglycoside antibiotics 42
Anal abscess 44
Anaplasmosis . 45
Anthrax 46
Anthrax vaccine . 48
Antibiotic resistance 49
Antibiotic stewardship 52
Antibiotics: Types 53
Antibodies . 56
Antifungal drugs: Types . 58
Antifungal drugs: Mechanisms of action . 60
Antiparasitic drugs: Types . 62
Antiparasitic drugs: Mechanisms of action . 64
Antiviral drugs: Types 68
Antiviral drugs: Mechanisms of action . 70
Appendicitis 72
Arenaviridae 73
Arthropod-borne illness and disease 75
Ascariasis . 79
Aseptic technique . 80
Aspergillosis 82
Aspergillus 84
Asplenia . 86
Athlete’s foot . 88
Atypical pneumonia 89
Autoimmune disorders . 91
Avian influenza..... 95
Babesiosis 98
Bacteria classifications and types . 99
Bacteria: Structure and growth 103
Bacterial endocarditis . 106
Bacterial infections . 108
Bacterial meningitis . 112
Bacterial vaginosis 114
Bacteriology . 116
Balantidiasis . 118
Bartonella infections . 119
Bats and infectious disease . 121
Behçet’s syndrome 122
Bell’s palsy 124
Biochemical tests . 125
Biological weapons. 127
Biostatistics 131
Biosurveillance . 132
Bioterrorism . 136
Birds and infectious disease 139
BK virus infection 142
Blastomyces . 143
Blastomycosis 145
Blood-borne illness and disease . 146
Bloodstream infections 150
Body lice 152
Boils . 153
Bordetella 154
Borrelia . 156
Bot Fly 158
Botulinum toxin infection 159
Botulism 161
Breast milk and infectious disease . 163
Bronchiolitis . 164
Bronchitis . 166
Brucella . 168
Brucellosis 169
Brucellosis vaccine 171
Bubonic plague 172
Bubonic plague vaccine 176
Burkholderia 177
Caliciviridae . 180
Campylobacter . 181
Campylobacteriosis . 182
Cancer and infectious disease . 184
Cancer vaccines 188
Candida . 190
Candida auris 194
Candidiasis 195
Capillariasis . 197
Capnocytophaga infections 198
Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) . 200
Carriers . 202
Cat scratch disease (CSD) 203
Cats and infectious disease . 204
Causes and management of epidemics and
pandemics 207
Cellulitis 210
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
(CDC) . 211
Cephalosporin antibiotics 215
Cervical cancer . 217
Chagas’ disease . 221
Chancroid . 223
Chemical germicides 224
Chickenpox . 226
Chickenpox vaccine . 230
Chikungunya 231
Childbirth and infectious disease 232
Children and infectious disease . 236
Chlamydia . 241
Chlamydophila 243
Chlamydophila pneumoniae infection 245
Cholecystitis . 246
Cholera . 248
Cholera vaccine 251
Chromoblastomycosis . 252
Chronic fatigue syndrome 253
Clonorchiasis 257
Clonorchis sinesis 258
Clostridium . 259
Clostridium difficile infection . 261
Coccidioides 264
Coccidiosis 265
Cold sores . 267
Colorado tick fever (CTF) 269
Common cold . 271
Conjunctivitis 272
Contagious diseases . 274
Coronaviridae . 278
Coronavirus infections 279
Corynebacterium . 280
Cowpox . 282
Coxsackie virus infections 283
Crab lice 284
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease . 286
Croup 288
Cryptococcosis . 290
Cryptococcus 291
Cryptosporidiosis . 293
Cyclospora infection 295
Cystic Fibrosis Respiratory Infections . 297
Cysticercosis . 299
Cytomegalovirus infection 301
Cytomegalovirus vaccine . 302
Dacryocystitis 304
Dandruff 305
DDT . 306
Decontamination . 307
Dengue fever 308
Dermatomycosis 310
Dermatophytosis . 311
Developing countries and infectious disease . 313
Diagnosis of bacterial infections . 316
Diagnosis of fungal infections . 319
Diagnosis of parasitic diseases . 321
Diagnosis of prion diseases . 322
Diagnosis of protozoan diseases . 324
Diagnosis of viral infections 326
Diphtheria 328
Disease eradication campaigns 329
Disinfectants and sanitizers . 331
Disseminated intravascular coagulation 333
Disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC). 335
Diverticulitis 337
Dogs and infectious disease . 339
Dracunculiasis . 342
Drug resistance 343
DTaP vaccine 347
Duodenal ulcer 348
Eastern equine encephalitis 350
Ebola hemorrhagic fever . 351
Echinocandin antifungals 353
Echinococcus 355
Echovirus infections 356
Ehrlichiosis 357
Eikenella infections . 358
Elephantiasis 359
Emerging and reemerging infectious diseases . 361
Emerging Infections Network (EIN) . 365
Empyema . 366
Encephalitis . 368
Encephalitis vaccine . 369
Endemic infections . 370
Endocarditis . 372
Endometritis . 374
Enteritis 375
Enterobacter 377
Enterobiasis . 379
Enterococcus 380
Enterovirus infections . 382
Epidemic Intelligence Service (EIS) . 384
Epidemics and pandemics: Causes and
management 386
Epidemics and pandemics: History 390
Epidemiology 394
Epidermophyton . 398
Epididymitis . 399
Epiglottitis 401
Epstein-Barr virus infection 403
Epstein-Barr virus vaccine 405
Erysipelas . 406
Erysipelothrix infection . 407
Erythema infectiosum . 408
Erythema nodosum . 409
Escherichia . 411
Escherichia coli infection 412
Eye infections 415

Volume 2
Contents v
Complete List of Contents . ix
Fasciitis . 419
Fatal familial insomnia 420
Fecal-oral route of transmission . 421
Fever . 423
Fever of unknown origin . 424
Filariasis 426
Filoviridae . 427
Fleas and infectious disease . 429
Flies and infectious disease . 431
Flukes 433
Food-borne illness and disease 435
Francisella . 439
Fungi classification and types . 441
Fungi: Structure and growth 446
Fusarium 450
Gangrene . 453
Gastritis . 454
Genital herpes . 455
Genital warts . 458
Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker syndrome
(GSS) 460
Giardia 462
Giardiasis . 463
Gingivitis 465
Glanders 467
Global Warming and Infectious Diseases 468
Globalization and infectious disease..... 470
Glycopeptide antibiotics . 475
Gonorrhea 476
Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) . 479
Gram staining 481
Group A streptococcal infection . 483
Group B streptococcal infection . 484
Guillain-Barré syndrome . 486
Haemophilus 489
Haemophilus influenzae infection . 490
Hand, foot, and mouth disease 492
Hantavirus infection 493
Head lice... 495
Helicobacter.. 496
Helicobacter pylori infection 498
Hemolytic uremic syndrome 499
Hemorrhagic fever viral infections . 501
Hepadnaviridiae 505
Hepatitis A 507
Hepatitis B 508
Hepatitis C 510
Hepatitis D 513
Hepatitis E 514
Hepatitis vaccines . 515
Herpes simplex infection 516
Herpes zoster infection 517
Herpes zoster vaccines . 519
Herpesviridae 520
Herpesvirus infections . 522
Hib vaccine 524
Histoplasma 525
Histoplasmosis . 527
HIV 528
HIV vaccine . 532
Home remedies for infectious diseases . 533
Hookworms . 535
Hordeola . 536
Horizontal disease transmission . 538
Hospitals and infectious disease . 539
Hosts . 543
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infections . 544
Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine . 546
Hygiene.... 548
Hyperbaric oxygen 549
Iatrogenic infections 551
Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura . 553
Imidazole antifungals . 555
Immune response to bacterial infections 556
Immune response to fungal infections 558
Immune response to parasitic diseases 560
Immune response to prion diseases 562
Immune response to protozoan diseases 563
Immune response to viral infections . 565
Immunity and infectious disease.. 567
Immunization and infectious disease . 569
Immunoassay 574
Immunodeficiency 577
Impetigo 578
Incubation period 580
Infection 581
Infectious disease specialists 583
Infectious Diseases Society of America 585
Inflammation 587
Influenza... 590
Influenza vaccine . 593
Insect-borne illness and disease . 595
Insecticides and topical repellants . 599
Integrase inhibitors . 601
Intestinal and stomach infections 602
Intestinal trichomoniasis . 606
Isosporiasis 608
Japanese encephalitis 610
Jock itch 611
Kaposi’s sarcoma . 614
Kawasaki disease 615
Keratitis . 616
Ketolide antibiotics . 618
Kidney infection 619
Koch’s postulates . 621
Kuru . 622
Labyrinthitis . 624
Laryngitis . 625
Lassa fever 627
Legionella 628
Legionnaires’ disease 629
Leishmaniasis 631
Leprosy . 633
Leptospira 635
Leptospirosis 636
Lipopeptide antibiotics 638
Listeria 639
Listeriosis . 640
Liver cancer . 642
Lyme disease 644
Lymphadenitis . 648
Macrolide antibiotics 650
Malaria . 651
Malaria vaccine . 653
Malassezia . 654
Marburg hemorrhagic fever 656
MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry . 657
Mastitis . 659
Mathematical modeling and infectious diseases. 661
Maturation inhibitors . 663
Measles . 664
Mediterranean spotted fever 666
Melioidosis 667
Men and infectious disease . 669
Meningococcal meningitis . 671
Meningococcal vaccine 673
Metapneumovirus infection 674
Methicillin-resistant staph infection 675
Microbiology 677
Microbiome . 679
Microscopy 681
Microsporum 683
Middle-ear infection 684
Mites and chiggers and infectious disease . 687
MMR vaccine 690
Molecular Microbiology . 691
Molluscum contagiosum . 693
Monkey B virus . 695
Monkeypox 696
Mononucleosis . 698
Mosquito-borne viral encephalitis . 700
Mosquitoes and infectious disease . 701
Mouth infections . 704
Mucormycosis 708
Multi-Drug Resistance . 709
Mumps . 712
Mutation of pathogens 714
Mycetoma . 717
Mycobacterial infections . 718
Mycobacterium 720
Mycoplasma 722
Mycoplasma pneumonia . 723
Mycoses . 725
Mycotic aneurysm 726
Myocarditis 727
Myositis . 729
Nasopharyngeal infections . 731
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious
Diseases 733
National Institutes of Health 734
Necrotizing fasciitis . 736
Neisseria . 738
Neisserial infections . 740
Neonatal sepsis . 741
Neutropenia . 743
Nocardiosis 744
Norovirus infection . 745
Onchocerciasis . 748
Onychomycosis.... 750
Ophthalmia neonatorum 751
Opportunistic infections . 753
Oral transmission . 755
Ornithosis . 757
Osteomyelitis 758
Outbreaks of infectious disease 759
Over-the-counter (OTC) drugs and infectious
disease . 761
Oxazolidinone antibiotics 764
Pacemaker infections 766
Pancreatitis 768
Paracoccidiodes 769
Paracoccidioidomycosis 771
Paramyxoviridae 772
Parasite classification and types . 774
Parasitic diseases . 777
Parasitology . 779
Parechovirus . 782
Parotitis . 783
Parvoviridae . 785
Parvovirus infections 786
Pasteurellosis 788
Pathogenicity 790
Pathogens . 791
Pelvic inflammatory disease 795
Penicillin allergy testing . 797
Penicillin antibiotics 799
Penicilliosis 801
Peptic ulcer. 802
Pericarditis 806
Peritonitis . 807
Pharyngitis and tonsillopharyngitis 808
Picornaviridae . 810
Picornavirus infections 811
Piedraia . 813
Pigs and infectious disease . 814
Pilonidal cyst 816
Pinta . 817
Pinworms . 818
Pityriasis rosea . 820
Plague 821
Plantar warts . 823
Pleurisy . 824
Pneumococcal infections.. 826
Pneumococcal vaccine . 827
Pneumocystis 830
Pneumocystis pneumonia 831
Pneumonia 833
Polio vaccine 835
Poliomyelitis . 836
Polyene antifungals . 838
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method 839
Pontiac fever . 841
Postherpetic neuralgia . 843
Powassan virus . 844
Poxviridae... 845
Poxvirus infections 847
Pregnancy and infectious disease 848
Prevention of bacterial infections 853
Prevention of fungal infections 854
Prevention of parasitic diseases 856
Prevention of protozoan diseases 858
Prevention of viral infections . 859
Primary infection . 861
Primates and infectious disease . 863
Prion diseases 864
Prions 868
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy . 870
Prostatitis . 871
Prosthetic joint infections 873
Protease inhibitors 875
Protozoa classification and types . 877
Protozoan diseases 878
Pseudomonas . 881
Pseudomonas infections . 883
Psittacosis . 884
Psychological effects of infectious disease . 885
Public health 887
Puerperal infection . 892
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) . 893

Volume 3
Contents v
Complete List of Contents vii
Q fever . 897
Quarantine 898
Quinolone antibiotics . 899
Rabies 901
Rabies vaccine . 903
Rat-bite fever 904
Reinfection 906
Reiter’s syndrome 907
Reoviridae . 909
Reptiles and infectious disease 911
Respiratory route of transmission 913
Respiratory syncytial virus infections . 914
Retroviral infections . 916
Retroviridae . 918
Reverse transcriptase inhibitors . 920
Rheumatic fever 922
Rhinosporidiosis . 923
Rhinovirus infections 924
Rhizopus . 925
Rickettsia 927
Rickettsia parkeri infection . 929
Rickettsial diseases 931
Rift Valley fever.... 933
Ringworm . 934
Rocky Mountain Spotted fever 935
Rodents and infectious disease 937
Roseola . 938
Rotavirus infection 939
Rotavirus vaccine . 941
Rubella . 942
Saliva and infectious disease 945
Salmonella . 946
Salmonellosis 949
Sarcoidosis 951
Sarcosporidiosis 952
SARS . 953
Scabies . 955
Scarlet fever . 957
Schistosomiasis . 958
Schools and infectious disease 961
Secondary infection . 965
Sepsis...... 966
Septic arthritis . 968
Septic shock . 969
Seroconversion . 971
Serology 972
Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) . 974
Shigella 978
Shigellosis . 980
Shingles 982
Sinusitis . 984
Skin infections . 987
Sleeping nets 989
Sleeping sickness . 990
Smallpox 991
Smallpox vaccine . 993
Social effects of infectious disease . 994
Soilborne illness and disease 998
Sporotrichosis . 1003
Stachybotrys . 1004
Staphylococcal infections . 1006
Staphylococcus 1008
Stenotrophomonas infections 1010
Strep throat 1011
Streptococcal infections 1012
Streptococcus . 1014
Stress and infectious disease . 1016
Strongyloidiasis . 1018
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis 1019
Syphilis 1020
T lymphocytes 1023
Taeniasis . 1024
Tapeworms . 1025
Tetanus 1027
Tetracycline antibiotics . 1029
Thiazole antifungals . 1030
Thrush (infection) . 1032
Tick paralysis . 1033
Ticks and infectious disease . 1034
Tinea capitis 1037
Tinea corporis 1038
Tinea versicolor . 1040
Tooth abscess . 1041
Toxocariasis 1042
Toxoplasmosis 1043
Trachoma 1045
Transmission routes 1046
Transplant infections . 1050
Travel medicine . 1052
Travel medicine specialists 1054
Travelers’ diarrhea . 1055
Treatment of bacterial infections . 1057
Treatment of fungal infections . 1058
Treatment of parasitic diseases . 1060
Treatment of prion diseases . 1062
Treatment of protozoan diseases . 1064
Treatment of viral infections . 1066
Treponema . . 1067
Triazole antifungals 1069
Trichinosis . 1070
Trichomonas . 1072
Trichophyton . 1074
Tropical medicine . 1076
Trypanosoma (genus) . 1079
Trypanosomiasis . 1081
Trypanosomiasis vaccine 1082
Tuberculosis (TB) . 1083
Tuberculosis (TB) vaccine . 1086
Tularemia 1087
Typhoid fever . 1089
Typhoid vaccine . 1090
Typhus 1092
Typhus vaccine 1094
U.S. Army Medical Research Institute
of Infectious Diseases 1096
Urethritis 1098
Urinary tract infections . 1099
Vaccine types . 1102
Vaccines: Experimental . 1106
Vaccines: History 1108
Vaginal yeast infection 1112
Vancomycin-resistant enterococci infection . 1113
Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease . 1114
Vectors and vector control . 1116
Vertical disease transmission . 1118
Vibrio 1119
Vincent’s angina . 1121
Viral gastroenteritis 1122
Viral hepatitis . 1123
Viral infections 1125
Viral meningitis . 1127
Viral pharyngitis . 1129
Viral upper respiratory infections . 1130
Virology . 1133
Virulence 1134
Virus types . 1136
Viruses: Structure and life cycle 1140
Warts 1146
Water treatment and infectious diseases . 1147
Waterborne illness and disease . 1149
West Nile virus 1153
Whipple’s disease 1155
Whipworm infection . 1156
Whooping cough 1158
Women and infectious disease . 1159
World Health Organization (WHO) 1163
Worm infections . 1167
Wound infections 1171
Yaws . 1174
Yellow fever . 1175
Yellow fever vaccine 1177
Yersinia 1178
Yersinia pseudotuberculosis 1180
Yersiniosis 1181
Zoonotic diseases 1183
Zygomycosis 1187
Appendixes
Reference Tools
Glossary 1191
Bibliography.... 1201
Resources... 1210
Web Sites.... 1218
Medical Journals.... 1224
Pharmaceutical List..... 1230
Historical Resources
Time Line of Major Developments
in Infectious Disease..... 1250
Biographical Dictionary of Scientists
in Infectious Disease..... 1256
Nobel Prizes for Discoveries
in Infectious Diseases.... 1265
Indexes
Entries by Anatomy or System Affected... 1271
Category..... 1283
Subject.. 1295

This second edition of Salem Health: Infectious Diseases & Conditions presents essays on a variety of topics in infectious, or communicable, diseases. Original articles have been updated and new articles added to bring the content up to date.
Scope & Coverage
This A-Z encyclopedia arranges 632 essays covering all aspects of infectious diseases. This title surveys infectious disease from a variety of perspectives, offering historical and technical (disease-specific) background with a balanced discussion of discoveries, developments, and prognoses. Essays on specific diseases and conditions constitute the core coverage and range from discussions of the common, such as acne and influenza, to the rare, such as prion diseases and necrotizing fasciitis, or flesh-eating bacteria.
The set also includes essays reflecting the global reach of infectious disease, exploring topics such as emerging and reemerging infectious diseases, developing countries, epidemics and pandemics, endemic diseases, tropical medicine, globalization, neglected tropical diseases, water quality and treatment, sanitation, and travel. Prominent in the set is discussion of the work of the World Health Organization and other such global health agencies.