INTRASPINAL VARIATIONS OF NERVE ROOTS

1. The Composition and Structure of Peripheral Nerves
2. Injuries of the Peripheral Nerves
3. Neuropathies
4. Regeneration of Peripheral Nerves
5. Terminology
6. General Description
7. Overlapping Innervations and Embryonic Explanations
8. General Description
9. Our Observations and Results
10. Connections Between Cervical Spinal Nerve Roots
11. Connections Between Ventral Rootlets and Dorsal Rootlets (Separately) in the Region of Lumbosacral Enlargement (Intumescentia Lumbosacralis) and Cauda Equina
12. Details of Relationship Between the Ventral and Dorsal Rootlets in the Region of Spinal Ganglion of the Lumbosacral Plexus
13. General Description
14. Extradural Connections of the Lumbosacral Nerve Roots
15. Axonal Pathways to Innervation Regions of the Upper Limbs
16. Axonal Pathways to the Innervation Regions of the Lower Limbs
17. Anastomoses Between the Individual Nerves and Inside Nerves
18. Conclusion

The main purpose of this book is to provide the reader with a better understanding of spinal nerve root injuries caused by various pathologies (e.g. disc herniation, space-occupying lesions, trauma etc.).
The standard anatomical description of spinal nerve roots origin, course and arrangement (described in the first chapters of the book) is now strongly influenced by the frequent findings of their intraspinal extradural and intradural connecting branches and by other variations, which are considered to be the major cause of the surgical therapy failures. Intraspinal extradural and intradural neuroanatomical roots variations may affect in fact the clinical picture, diagnosis, and surgical treatment; their recognition can minimize the damage to neural structures in the spinal anaesthesia, in spinal operations, in spondylosurgery, in endoscopic surgery, laser discectomy, etc. Their aetiology is unknown and it has to be elucidated, and they are rarely found during the usual preoperational examinations, a reason that encouraged various anatomical dissection studies finalized to their description.
The data shown in this book will be surely helpful for traumatologists, orthopaedists, spinal surgeons, neurosurgeons, plastic surgeons and for all those dealing with intraspinal variations of nerve roots.

Features
• Describes nerve root injuries due to disc herniation, space-occupying lesions, and trauma
• Reports important data obtained from anatomical dissection
• Elucidates the importance of recognizing variations of the nerve roots of different types