KANT AND COSMOPOLITANISM. THE PHILOSOPHICAL IDEAL OF WORLD CITIZENSHIP

This is the first comprehensive account of Kant's cosmopolitanism, highlighting its moral, political, legal, economic, cultural and psychological aspects. Contrasting Kant's views with those of his German contemporaries and relating them to current debates, Pauline Kleingeld sheds new light on texts that have been hitherto neglected or underestimated. In clear and carefully argued discussions, she shows that Kant's philosophical cosmopolitanism underwent a radical transformation in the mid 1790s and that the resulting theory is philosophically stronger than is usually thought. Using the work of figures such as Fichte, Cloots, Forster, Hegewisch, Wieland and Novalis, Kleingeld analyses Kant's arguments regarding the relationship between cosmopolitanism and patriotism, the importance of states, the ideal of an international federation, cultural pluralism, race, global economic justice and the psychological feasibility of the cosmopolitan ideal. In doing so, she reveals a broad spectrum of positions in cosmopolitan theory that are relevant to current discussions of cosmopolitanism.

- Offers the first comprehensive account of Kant's cosmopolitanism, highlighting its moral, political, legal, economic, cultural and psychological aspects
- Relates Kant's cosmopolitan theory to current debates and draws attention to the wide spectrum of cosmopolitan positions
- Places Kant's cosmopolitanism in its historical philosophical context, drawing attention to important but neglected figures.

Contents
Introduction
1The country of world citizens1
2Overview of this book4
3A few words on the historical and political context9
Kant and Wieland on moral cosmopolitanism and patriotism13
1Introduction13
2Moral cosmopolitanism in the works of Wieland and Kant15
3The alleged incompatibility of cosmopolitanism and patriotism19
4Wieland’s defense of cosmopolitanism and patriotism22
5Kant on cosmopolitan patriotism26
6The “danger” of cosmopolitanism34
7Cosmopolitanism and cosmopolitics38
Kant and Cloots on global peace40
1Cloots’ challenge40
2The development of Kant’s theory of international relations44
3The potential despotism of a coercively established world state50
4Federalism and international right58
5The ahistorical nature of Cloots’ approach63
6History and the process toward perpetual peace65
Kant’s concept of cosmopolitan right72
1Introduction72
2The scope and content of cosmopolitan right74
3The justification of cosmopolitan right81
4The problem of institutionalization86
Kant and Forster on race, culture, and cosmopolitanism92
1Introduction92
2Kant’s early views and his 1785 essay on race96
3Forster’s reaction in “Something More on the Human Races”102
4Kant’s reply: race, global migration, and cosmopolitanism103
5Forster’s reaction to Kant’s reply and his defense of cultural diversity107
6Kant’s second thoughts on race111
7Kant on Judaism and national character117
8Kant on the value of cultural diversity120
Kant and Hegewisch on the freedom of international trade124
1Introduction124
2The context of Hegewisch’s defense of free trade125
3Hegewisch’s arguments in favor of a world-wide free market127
4Problems with Hegewisch’s view132
5Kant on the spirit of trade134
6Kant and free trade136
7Trade and justice within the state139
8Kant and the background conditions for just international trade145
Kant and Novalis on the development of a cosmopolitan community149
1Introduction149
2Romantic cosmopolitanism151
3Novalis on individual Bildung and world citizenship155
4Spirituality or the world: Novalis’ “Christianity or Europe”158
5From Novalis to Kant160
6Kant on the ideal of a moral world161
7Kant on the feasibility of the moral cosmopolitan ideal163
8Hope and progress174
Kant’s cosmopolitanism and current philosophical debates177
1Introduction177
2Kant’s changing cosmopolitanism: a brief summary178
3“Alle Menschen werden Brüder”: cosmopolitanism, racism, and sexism181
4The compatibility of cosmopolitanism and patriotism183
5“Following Kant’s lead” in current international political philosophy187
6Cosmopolitan equality and the plurality of states193
7On defining cosmopolitanism197
8Conclusion199
Bibliography201
Index212