MAGNESIUM ALLOYS AS DEGRADABLE BIOMATERIALS

• Introduction
Property and Function of Element Mg
History of Mg and Its Alloys for Biomedical Applications
Design of Mg and Its Alloys for Biomedical Applications
Comparison with Other Biomaterials
General Analytical Methods for Biodegradable Mg and Its Alloys
• Biodegradation Mechanism and Influencing Factors of Mg and Its Alloys
Biodegradation Mechanism of Pure Mg in the Physiological Environment
Influence of Alloying Elements and Impurities on the Biodegradation of Mg and Its Alloys
Degradation Mode and Rate of Mg and Its Alloys in the Physiological Environment
Influence of Environmental Variables on the Biodegradation of Mg and its Alloys
Biological Effects of Degradation Products
Concluding Remarks
• Novel Structure Design for Biodegradable Mg and Its Alloys
Introduction
Porous Structure
Composites
Ultrafine-Grained Structure
Glassy Structure
Concluding Remarks
• Surface Modification Techniques for Biodegradable Mg and Its Alloys
Introduction
Mechanical Surface Treatment
Physical Surface Treatment
Chemical Surface Treatment
Concluding Remarks
• Mg with High Purity for Biomedical Application
Introduction
Development of Pure Mg as Degradable Metallic Biomaterial
New Advances in Property Improvements on Pure Mg for Medical Purposes
Concluding Remarks
• Mg-Ca–Based Alloy Systems for Biomedical Applications
Introduction
Development of Mg-Ca Binary Alloys as Degradable Metallic Biomaterials
Development of Mg–Ca–X Ternary Alloys as Degradable Metallic Biomaterials
Development of Mg-Ca Quaternary and Multielementary Alloys as Degradable Metallic Biomaterials
Concluding Remarks
• Mg-Zn–Based Alloy Systems for Biomedical Application
Introduction
Development of Mg-Zn Binary Alloys as Degradable Metallic Biomaterials
Development of Mg-Zn Ternary Alloys as Degradable Metallic Biomaterials
Development of Mg-Zn Quaternary Alloys as Degradable Metallic Biomaterials
Concluding Remarks
• Mg-Sr–Based Alloy Systems for Biomedical Applications
Introduction
Development of Mg-Sr Binary Alloys as Degradable Metallic Biomaterials
Development of Mg-Sr Ternary Alloys as Degradable Metallic Biomaterials
Development of Mg-Sr Quaternary Alloys as Degradable Metallic Biomaterials
Concluding Remarks
• Mg-Ag–Based Alloy System for Biomedical Applications
Introduction
Development of Mg-Ag Binary Alloys as Degradable Metallic Biomaterials
Development of Mg-Ag–Based Alloys as Degradable Metallic Biomaterials
Possible Methods of Property Improvement for Mg-Ag–Based Alloy Systems
Concluding Remarks
• Mg-Li–Based Alloy Systems for Biomedical Applications
Introduction
Development of Mg-Li Binary Alloys as Degradable Metallic Biomaterials
Development of Mg-Li-X Ternary Alloys as Degradable Metallic Biomaterials
Development of Mg-Li Quaternary and Multielementary Alloys as Degradable Metallic Biomaterials
New Advances in Property Improvements for Mg-Li–Based Alloy Systems
Concluding Remarks
• Mg-RE–Based Alloy Systems for Biomedical Application
General Introduction
Mg-Y–Based Alloys for Biomedical Applications
Mg-Nd–Based Alloys for Biomedical Applications
Mg-Dy–Based Alloys for Biomedical Applications
Other Rare Earth Metals in Mg Alloys
Conclusions on Mg-RE–Based Biomedical Mg Alloys
• Fabrication and Processing of Biodegradable Mg and Its Alloys: From Raw Materials to Final Medical Devices
Introduction
Fabrication of Biodegradable Mg Alloy Raw Materials
Forming of Biodegradable Mg Alloy Semiproducts
Machining and Cutting of Biodegradable Mg Alloys
Finishing of Biodegradable Mg Alloys
Joining of Biodegradable Mg Alloys
Sterilization of Biodegradable Mg Alloys
Concluding Remarks
• Design of Biodegradable Mg Alloy Implants with Finite Element Analysis
Introduction
FEA in the Design of Bone Implants
FEA in the Design of Stents
Concluding Remarks: Future
• In Vivo Testing of Biodegradable Mg Alloy Implants
In Vivo Testing of Biodegradable Mg Alloy Implants within Bone
In Vivo Testing of Biodegradable Mg Alloy Implants within Blood Vessels
In Vivo Testing of Biodegradable Mg Alloy Implants within the Nonvascular Lumen
Concluding Remarks

• Provides a comprehensive treatment of biodegradable magnesium alloys
• Describes the alloying system and mechanical, electrochemistry, and biological properties of each alloy along with its fabrication and in vivo use
• Includes studies on corrosion resistance and biodegradation mode and rate once an implant has been placed in the body

Magnesium Alloys as Degradable Biomaterials provides a comprehensive review of the biomedical applications of biodegradable magnesium and its alloys. Magnesium has seen increasing use in orthopedic and cardiovascular applications over the last decade, particularly for coronary stents and bone implants.
The book discusses the basic concepts of biodegradation mechanisms as well as strategies to control biodegradation mode and rate, microstructure, mechanical properties, corrosion resistance to body fluid, and in vitro and in vivobiocompatibility.
The recently developed representative magnesium alloy systems—such as Mg-Ca, Mg-Zn, Mg-Sr, Mg-Ag, Mg-Li, and Mg-RE—are reviewed and their special properties illustrated. Also discussed are the biodegradable magnesium alloys/aqueous solution interface theoretical model and potential application prototypes, such as for cardiology and orthopedic surgery products.
Challenges of transitioning biodegradable magnesium alloys from raw materials to semi-products to final medical devices are covered along with main findings of worldwide experimental studies. An ideal reference book for researchers in the area of biodegradable metals, it presents the state of the art of magnesium alloys designed for biomedical applications.

Author
Yufeng Zheng, PhD, is a professor at Peking University in Beijing, China and was an associate full professor at the Harbin Institute of Technology in China, where he received his PhD in materials science. His areas of special interest include the development of various new biomedical metallic materials. He served as a member of the editorial board of various journals including the Journal of Biomedical Materials Research-Part B: Applied Biomaterials, the Journal of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Materials Letters, Intermetallics, the Journal of Materials Science & Technology, Frontiers of Materials Science, Acta Metallurgica Sinica, Progress in Natural Science: Materials International, and the Journal of Orthopaedic Translation. Dr. Zheng has authored or co-authored more than 330 peer-reviewed articles.