NEUROLOGY IMAGE-BASED CLINICAL REVIEW

Contents
Abbreviations
Preface
Acknowledgments
• Ischemia
1.1. Ischemic Stroke
1.2. Brainstem Stroke Syndromes
1.3. Cerebellar Strokes
1.4. Lacunar Strokes
1.5. Watershed Strokes
1.6. Hypoxic/Ischemic Injury
1.7. Sinus Venous Thrombosis
1.8. Cerebral Autosomal Dominant Arteriopathy With Subcortical Infarcts and Leukoencephalopathy
1.9. Sickle Cell Disease
1.10. Spinal Cord Stroke
1.11. Microvascular Disease
• 2. Hemorrhage
2.1. Hypertensive Hemorrhage
2.2. Lobar Hemorrhages
2.3. Amyloid Beta Related Angiitis
2.4. Hemorrhagic Conversion of Ischemic Stroke
2.5. Hemorrhagic Tumor
2.6. Spinal Epidural Hematoma
• 3. Vascular Malformations/Diseases of Blood Vessels
3.1. Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
3.2. Aneurysms
3.3. Dissections
3.4. Central Nervous System Vasculitis
3.5. Moyamoya Disease
3.6. Arteriovenous Malformations
3.7. Capillary Telangiectasia
3.8. Cerebral Cavernous Malformations
3.9. Developmental Venous Anomalies
3.10. Dolichoectasia of Vertebrobasilar Artery
3.11. Fenestration of the Basilar Artery
3.12. Persistent Trigeminal Artery
3.13. Kissing Carotids
3.14. Absence of the Internal Carotid Arteries
3.15. Carotid Paragangliomas
3.16. Nonaneurysmal Perimesencephalic Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
3.17. Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome
• 4. Neoplastic Diseases
4.1. Glioblastoma
4.2. Juvenile Pilocytic Astrocytoma
4.3. Oligodendroglioma
4.4. Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma
4.5. Dysembryoplastic Neuroepithelial Tumor
4.6. Ependymoma
4.7. Subependymoma
4.8. Medulloblastoma
4.9. Ganglioglioma
4.10. Hemangiopericytoma
4.11. Pineoblastoma
4.12. Germinoma of Pineal Gland
4.13. Central Neurocytoma
4.14. Hypothalamic Hamartoma
4.15. Clivus Chordoma
4.16. Corpus Callosum Lipoma
4.17. Meningioma
4.18. Vestibular Schwannoma
4.19. Glomus Jugulare
4.20. Esthesioneuroblastoma
4.21. Spinal Epidural Metastases
4.22. Cerebral Metastases
• 5. Pituitary Disorders
5.1. Pituitary Adenoma
5.2. Craniopharyngioma
5.3. Rathke’s Cleft Cyst
5.4. Lymphocytic Hypophysitis
5.5. Pituitary Apoplexy
• 6. Cystic Lesions
6.1. Arachnoid Cyst
6.2. Colloid Cyst of Third Ventricle
6.3. Epidermoid Cyst
6.4. Ruptured Dermoid Cyst
• 7. Demyelinating Diseases
7.1. Multiple Sclerosis
7.2. Optic Neuritis
7.3. Neuromyelitis Optica
7.4. Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis
7.5. Susac’s Syndrome
7.6. Adrenoleukodystrophy
7.7. Adult Polyglucosan Body Disease
7.8. Krabbe’s Disease
7.9. Metachromatic Leukodystrophy
• 8. Epilepsy
8.1. Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
8.2. Frontal Lobe Epilepsy
8.3. Limbic Encephalitis
8.4. Status Epilepticus
8.5. Infantile Spasms
8.6. Lennox–Gastaut Syndrome
8.7. Childhood Absence Epilepsy
8.8. Rasmussen’s Encephalitis
• 9. Infectious Diseases
9.1. HIV Dementia Complex
9.2. HIV-Associated Vacuolar Myelopathy
9.3. Herpes Simplex Encephalitis
9.4. Ramsay Hunt Syndrome
9.5. Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy
9.6. Tuberculous Meningitis
9.7. Bacterial Meningitis
9.8. Intracerebral Abscess
9.9. Spinal Epidural Abscess
9.10. Neurocysticercosis
9.11. Toxoplasmosis
9.12. Aspergillosis
9.13. Creutzfeldt–Jakob Disease
• 10. Neurodegenerative Diseases
10.1. Alzheimer’s Disease
10.2. Frontotemporal Dementia
10.3. Huntington’s Disease
10.4. Parkinson’s Disease
10.5. Multiple System Atrophy
10.6. Progressive Supranuclear Palsy
10.7. Corticobasal Degeneration
10.8. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
10.9. Wilson’s Disease
10.10. Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus
• 11. Toxic/Metabolic Disorders
11.1. Central Pontine Myelinolysis
11.2. Familial Cerebrovascular Ferrocalcinosis
11.3. Hepatic Encephalopathy
11.4. Cerebellar Atrophy
11.5. Cyclosporin Toxicity
11.6. Heroin Leukoencephalopathy
11.7. Marchiafava–Bignami Disease
11.8. B12 Deficiency
11.9. Copper Deficiency Myelopathy
11.10. Wernicke’s Encephalopathy
11.11. Radiation Necrosis
11.12. Carbon Monoxide
11.13. Transient Signal Alterations in Splenium of Corpus Callosum
• 12. Pediatrics
12.1. Acute Cerebellar Ataxia
12.2. Germinal Matrix Hemorrhage
12.3. Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy
12.4. Mitochondrial Encephalomyopathy, Lactic Acidosis, and Stroke-Like Episodes (MELAS)
12.5. Septo-Optic Dysplasia
12.6. Aicardi Syndrome
12.7. Joubert’s Syndrome
12.8. Fabry’s Disease
12.9. Pantothenate Kinase-Associated Neurodegeneration
12.10. Polymicrogyria
12.11. Rhombencephalosynapsis
12.12. Schizencephaly
12.13. Porencephaly
12.14. Colpocephaly
12.15. Holoprosencephaly
12.16. Lissencephaly
12.17. Hydranencephaly
12.18. Aqueductal Stenosis
12.19. Neurenteric Cyst
12.20. Diastematomyelia
12.21. Chiari I Malformation
12.22. Chiari II Malformation
12.23. Dandy–Walker Syndrome
12.24. Tethered Cord Syndrome
12.25. Vein of Galen Malformation
• 13. Neurocutaneous Syndromes
13.1. Neurofibromatosis Type 1
13.2. Neurofibromatosis Type 2
13.3. Sturge–Weber Syndrome
13.4. von Hippel–Lindau Syndrome
13.5. Tuberous Sclerosis
• 14. Trauma
14.1. Epidural Hematoma
14.2. Subdural Hematoma
14.3. Hemorrhagic Contusions
14.4. Diffuse Axonal Injury
14.5. Gunshot Wound
• 15. Miscellaneous
15.1. Behcet’s Disease
15.2. Neurosarcoidosis
15.3. Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis
15.4. Tolosa–Hunt Syndrome
15.5. Orbital Pseudotumor
15.6. Orbital Cavernous Venous Malformation
15.7. Dilated Perivascular Spaces
15.8. Fibrous Dysplasia of the Skull
15.9. Hyperostosis Frontalis
15.10. Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension
15.11. Intracranial Hypotension
15.12. Copper-Beaten Skull
15.13. Tension Pneumocephalus
15.14. Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy
15.15. Spinal Disc Herniation
15.16. Ankylosing Spondylitis
15.17. Brain Herniation Syndromes
15.18. Brain Death
Index

Neuroimaging has become an integral part of clinical neurology practice in tandem with good history taking and physical examination. This is the first all-in-one guide, presenting illustrative examples of signature neuroimaging findings in clinical context specifically for neurologists. With more than 1,500 images, the authors have assembled an accessible resource and review that presents over 170 core topics using the imaging findings as a platform todiscuss pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and disease management. Written with the practitioner or student of neurology in mind, Neurology Image-based Clinical Review profiles each condition in an easy-to-read format, alongside a wealth of images designed to help develop proficiency in recognizing and treating both common and rare neurologic conditions.

This unique book is organized into fifteen chapters covering all major areas of neurology including stroke, hemorrhage, neoplasms, epilepsy, trauma, neurodegenerative conditions, infectious diseases, pediatric syndromes, and much more. Each topic is introduced with a brief case scenario and image-based diagnosis, followed by bulleted introduction, clinical presentation, radiographic appearance and diagnostic hallmarks, differential diagnosis, and treatment. Numerous examples throughout foster familiarity with key imaging findings and confidence interpreting MRI, CT, MRA, angiography, EEG, gross, and microscopic neuropathology images. Selected references for further study follow each topic.

Neurology Image-Based Clinical Review is an essential reference for medical students, practicing neurologists, residents looking to hone their knowledge, or anyone sharpening clinical and interpretive skills for board or MOC review.

Key Features:
• Comes with free access to the fully-searchable downloadable e-book, including an image gallery
• Covers the full spectrum of neurologic disease with over 170 topics and more than 1500 images
• Includes chapters on commonly encountered problems and rare syndromes that may be missed in the clinic
• Presents the latest information on clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and differential diagnoses of various neurological disorders
• Consistent format for easy readability and targeted review

Authors
• Jonathan Howard, MD, is Assistant Professor of Neurology and Clerkship Director of Clinical Neurological Sciences at NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY.
• Anuradha Singh, MD, is Clinical Associate Professor of Neurology at NYU Langone Medical Center, and Director of Neurology Service at Bellevue Hospital, New York, NY.