OPEN-SPACE MICROFLUIDICS: CONCEPTS, IMPLEMENTATIONS, APPLICATIONS

• Part I Hydrodynamic Flow Confinement (HFC) 1
1 Hydrodynamic Flow Confinement Using a Microfluidic Probe 3
2 Hierarchical Hydrodynamic Flow Confinement (hHFC) and Recirculation for Performing Microscale Chemistry on Surfaces 21
3 Design of Hydrodynamically ConfinedMicroflow Devices with Numerical Modeling: Controlling Flow Envelope, Pressure, and Shear Stress 47
4 Hele-Shaw Flow Theory in the Context of Open Microfluidics: From Dipoles to Quadrupoles 63
5 Implementation and Applications of Microfluidic Quadrupoles 83
6 Hydrodynamic Flow Confinement-Assisted Immunohistochemistry from Micrometer to Millimeter Scale 101
7 Local Nucleic Acid Analysis of Adherent Cells 115
8 Microfluidic Probe for Neural Organotypic Brain Tissue and Cell Perfusion 139
9 The Multifunctional Pipette 155
10 Single-Cell Analysis with the BioPen 187
11 Microfluidic Probes for Single-Cell Proteomic Analysis 221

• Part II Localized Chemistry 249
12 Aqueous Two-Phase Systems for Micropatterning of Cells and Biomolecules 251
13 Development of Pipettes as Mobile Nanofluidic Devices for Mass Spectrometric Analysis 273
14 FluidFM: Development of the Instrument as well as Its Applications for 2D and 3D Lithography 295
15 FluidFM Applications in Single-Cell Biology 325
16 Soft Probes for Scanning ElectrochemicalMicroscopy 355
17 Microfluidic Probes for Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy 373
18 Chemistrode for High Temporal- and Spatial-Resolution Chemical Analysis 391

Summarizing the latest trends and the current state of this research field, this up-to-date book discusses in detail techniques to perform localized alterations on surfaces with great flexibility, including microfluidic probes, multifunctional nanopipettes and various surface patterning techniques, such as dip pen nanolithography. These techniques are also put in perspective in terms of applications and how they can be transformative of numerous (bio)chemical processes involving surfaces.
The editors are from IBM Zurich, the pioneers and pacesetters in the field at the forefront of research in this new and rapidly expanding area.

Authors
• Emmanuel Delamarche studied chemistry in Toulouse, France, and joined IBM Research in Zurich, Switzerland, in 1992 for his PhD in biochemistry with an academic affiliation to the University of Zurich. He then worked on surface patterning techniques involving scanning probe methods, self-assembled monolayers, soft lithography, and microfluidics.
Currently, he leads a research group at IBM Research on "precision diagnostics" with the goal of solving medical problems using microfluidics, micro- and nanotechnology and collaborations with biological and medical experts.
Dr. Delamarche has authored more than 120 scientific publications and has received numerous awards, including the Werner Prize from the Swiss Chemical Society in 2006.
• Govind Kaigala obtained his PhD from the University of Alberta, Canada, in 2008. After a postdoctoral stay at Stanford University, USA, he moved to IBM Research in Zurich, Switzerland, in 2010. His research interests include micro/nano-bio-systems and assays for microchip-based chemical and biomolecular analysis.
He is currently leading activities on liquid-based non-contact scanning technologies - microfluidic probe - and is championing concepts on "microfluidics in the open space" and "tissue microprocessing". These research activities are driven by specific needs in the fields of pathology and personalized medicine.
Dr. Kaigala has authored more than 40 scientific publications and received several awards, including an IBM Research Division Accomplishment Award and the 2014 Horizon Alumni Award from the University of Alberta.