ORAL MEDICINE AND PATHOLOGY AT A GLANCE. 2ND EDITION

Preface vii
About the companion website
• 1 Examination of extraoral tissues 2
Head and neck 3
Cranial nerves 3
Limbs 3
• 2 Examination of mouth, jaws, temporomandibular region and salivary glands 4
Mouth 5
Jaws 5
Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) 5
Salivary glands 5
• 3 Investigations: Histopathology 6
Mucosal biopsy 7
Brush biopsy 7
Labial salivary gland biopsy 7
• 4 Investigations: Microbiology 8
• 5 Investigations: Imaging 10
• 6 Investigations: Blood tests 12
Referring a patient for specialist opinion 12
• 7 Anatomical variants and developmental anomalies 14
Fordyce spots (“Fordyce granules”) 15
Fissured tongue (scrotal or plicated tongue) 15
Stafne cyst or bone cavity 15
Torus palatinus 15
Torus mandibularis 15
Varicosities 15
• 8 Blisters 16
Angina bullosa hemorrhagica (localized oral purpura; traumatic oral hemophlyctenosis) 17
• 9 Blisters, infections: Herpes simplex virus 18
Herpes simplex 18
Recurrent herpes labialis 19
Recurrent intraoral herpes 19
• 10 Blisters infections: Varicella zoster virus 20
Chickenpox (varicella) 21
Zoster (shingles) 21
• 11 Blisters, skin diseases: Pemphigus 22
Pemphigus 23
• 12 Blisters, skin diseases: Pemphigoid 24
• 13 Pigmented lesions 26
Superficial discoloration 26
Hairy tongue (black hairy tongue; lingua villosa nigra) 27
• 14 Pigmented lesions: Ethnic pigmentation and tattoos 28
Ethnic pigmentation 29
Foreign body tattoos 29
• 15 Pigmented lesions: Melanotic macule 30
• 16 Pigmented lesions: Nevus and others 31
Adenocorticotrophic hormone effects (ACTH) 31
• 17 Pigmented lesions: Malignant melanoma 32
• 18 Red and purple lesions 34
Purpura 34
• 19 Red and purple lesions: Desquamative gingivitis, mucositis 35
Desquamative gingivitis 35
Mucositis 35
• 20 Red and purple lesions: Erythematous candidosis 36
Acute candidosis 36
Chronic candidosis 37
Denture-related stomatitis (denture sore mouth; chronic atrophic candidosis) 37
Angular stomatitis (angular cheilitis; perleche) 37
Median rhomboid glossitis (central papillary atrophy of the tongue) 37
• 21 Red and purple lesions: Angiomas 38
Hemangioma 38
Venous lake (venous varix; senile hemangioma of lip) 38
Lymphangioma 38
• 22 Red and purple lesions: Proliferative vascular lesions, Kaposi sarcoma 39
Proliferative vascular lesions 39
Kaposi sarcoma 39
• 23 Red and purple lesions: Erythroplakia 40
Erythroplakia (erythroplasia) 40
24 Red and purple lesions: Erythema migrans (lingual erythema migrans; benign migratory glossitis; geographical tongue; continental tongue) 41
• 25 Swellings: Hereditary conditions, drug-induced swellings 42
Hereditary gingival fibromatosis (HGF) 43
C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency (hereditary angioedema) 43
Drug-induced gingival swelling 43
• 26 Swellings: Infections, human papilloma virus 44
Papilloma 44
Warts (verrucae) 45
Multifocal epithelial hyperplasia (Heck disease) 45
Koilocytic dysplasia 45
HPV and oral cancer 45
• 27 Swellings: Granulomatous conditions 46
Sarcoidosis 46
Crohn disease and orofacial granulomatosis 46
• 28 Swellings: Reactive lesions 48
Denture-induced hyperplasia (epulis fissuratum) 49
Fibroepithelial polyp (fibrous lump) 49
Fibroma 49
Giant cell epulis (peripheral giant cell granuloma) 49
Pyogenic granuloma 49
• 29 Swellings: Malignant neoplasms, oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) 50
• 30 Swellings: Malignant neoplasms, lymphoma, metastatic neoplasms 52
Lymphomas 53
Metastatic oral neoplasms 53
• 31 Ulcers and erosions: Local causes, drug-induced ulcers 54
Local causes 54
Eosinophilic ulcer (traumatic eosinophilic granuloma; traumatic ulcerative granulomatous disease) 54
Drug-induced ulcers (stomatitis medicamentosa) 55
• 32 Ulcers and erosions: Aphthae 56
• 33 Ulcers and erosions: Aphthous-like ulcers 58
Behçet syndrome (BS, Behçet disease) 59
• 34 Ulcers and erosions: Blood diseases, gastrointestinal disorders 60
Blood diseases 60
Leukemias 60
Gastrointestinal disorders 61
Celiac disease (gluten sensitive enteropathy) 61
• 35 Ulcers and erosions: Infections 62
Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFM; vesicular stomatitis with exanthem) 62
Herpangina 62
Bacterial infections 63
Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (Vincent disease; acute ulcerative gingivitis, AUG, ANG, ANUG) 63
Syphilis 63
Gonorrhea 63
Tuberculosis 63
• 36 Ulcers and erosions: Erythema multiforme, toxic epidermal necrolysis and Stevens-Johnson syndrome 64
Erythema multiforme 65
Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN, Lyell syndrome) and Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) 65
• 37 White lesions: Candidosis (candidiasis) 66
Acute pseudomembranous candidosis 66
Chronic hyperplastic candidosis (Candidal leukoplakia) 67
Chronic mucocutaneous candidosis (CMC) 67
• 38 White lesions: Keratosis, leukoplakia 68
Tobacco-related keratosis 69
Leukoplakia 69
• 39 White lesions: Hairy leukoplakia, lichen planus 70
Hairy leukoplakia 70
Lichen planus (LP) and lichenoid reactions 71
• 40 Salivary conditions: Salivary swelling and salivary excess 72
Salivary swelling 73
Saliva excess (sialorrhea, hypersialia, hypersalivation, ptyalism) and drooling 73
• 41 Salivary conditions: Dry mouth 74
• 42 Salivary conditions: Sjögren syndrome 76
• 43 Salivary conditions: Sialolithiasis, sialadenitis 78
Sialolithiasis 78
Sialadenitis 78
Sialadenitis: Acute viral (mumps) 78
Sialadenitis: Acute bacterial ascending 79
Sialadenitis: Chronic bacterial 79
Sialadenitis: Recurrent parotitis of childhood 79
• 44 Salivary conditions: Neoplasms 80
Benign neoplasms (adenomas) 81
Malignant neoplasms 81
• 45 Salivary conditions: Mucoceles, sialosis 82
Mucoceles (mucous cyst; mucus extravasation phenomenon; myxoid cyst) 83
Sialosis (sialadenosis) 83
• 46 Neck swelling 84
Discrete swellings in the neck 85
Cervical lymphadenopathy 85
Unexplained lymphadenopathy 85
Diffuse swelling of the neck 85
• 47 Neck swelling: Cervical lymphadenopathy in generalized lymphadenopathy 86
Systemic infections 87
Inflammatory disorders (not known to be infective) 87
Neoplastic causes 87
Drugs 87
Others 87
• 48 Neurological conditions: Bell palsy, and trigeminal sensory loss 88
Bell palsy 89
Trigeminal sensory loss 89
• 49 Neurological conditions and pain: Local, referred and vascular 90
Local causes of orofacial pain 90
Referred causes of orofacial pain 91
Vascular causes of orofacial pain 91
• 50 Neurological conditions and pain: Trigeminal neuralgia 92
Trigeminal neuralgia 93
• 51 Neurological conditions and pain: Psychogenic (idiopathic facial pain, idiopathic odontalgia and burning mouth syndrome (oral dysesthesia)) 94
Persistent idiopathic, or unexplained (atypical) facial pain (IFP) 95
Burning mouth “syndrome” (BMS, glossopyrosis, glossodynia, oral dysesthesia, scalded mouth syndrome, or stomatodynia) 95
• 52 Jaw conditions: Temporomandibular pain-dysfunction 96
Temporomandibular joint pain-dysfunction syndrome (TMPD), myofascial pain dysfunction (MFD), facial arthromyalgia (FAM), mandibular dysfunction, or mandibular stress syndrome 97
• 53 Jaw bone conditions: Radiolucencies and radiopacities 98
Radiolucencies 98
Radiopacities 99
Mixed radiolucent and radiopaque lesions 99
• 54 Jaw bone conditions: Odontogenic diseases and cysts 100
Odontogenic infections 101
Odontogenic cysts 101
• 55 Jaw bone conditions: Odontogenic tumors 102
Benign odontogenic tumors 102
Malignant odontogenic tumors 103
• 56 Jaw conditions: Bone disorders 104
Non-neoplastic diseases 105
Neoplastic disorders 105
• 57 Jaw bone conditions: Fibro-osseous lesions 106
Osseous dysplasia, cemento-osseous dysplasia (COD), periapical cemental or cemento-osseous dysplasia (PCD) 107
Cherubism 107
Fibrous dysplasia 107
Hypercementosis 107
Ossifying fibroma (cemento-ossifying fibroma) 107
Paget disease of bone 107
• 58 Maxillary sinus conditions 108
Rhinosinusitis (sinusitis) 109
Neoplasms 109
• 59 Oral malodor 110
• 60 Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and AIDS 112
Index 115

Oral Medicine and Pathology at a Glance, 2nd Edition offers a comprehensive overview of essential aspects of oral medicine and pathology, with an emphasis on oral health care provision in general practice.

• Updated new edition, covering the most important conditions and commonly encountered oral pathologies and their clinical management
• Presented in the popular, highly-illustrated At a Glance style with clinical photographs throughout
• Written by an international author team
• Includes a companion website with self-assessment MCQs, further reading and downloadable images

Authors
• Pedro Diz Dios is Professor and Head of Special Needs Dentistry at the School of Medicine and Dentistry, Santiago de Compostela University, Spain. He is also Honorary Visiting Professor at the Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, UK.
• Crispian Scully CBE is a Director of the WHO Collaborating Centre for Oral Health-General Health and Emeritus Professor at the Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, UK.
• Oslei Paes de Almeida is Professor of Oral Pathology and Medicine at the Department of Oral Diagnosis, Dental School of Piracicaba, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil. He is also Visiting Professor at both the University of Bristol and University College London, UK.
• José V. Bagán is Professor of Oral Medicine at Valencia University and Head of Stomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery Service at University General Hospital, Valencia, Spain.
• Adalberto Mosqueda Taylor is Professor of Oral Pathology and Medicine at the Health Care Department, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Xochimilco and Professor of Oral Medicine at the Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea González in Mexico City, Mexico.