PATENT FORAMEN OVALE

This book is the ultimate reference on patent foramen ovale (PFO), a defect in the septum of the heart estimated to be present in more than twenty percent of the adult population and a proven cause of systemic embolism. All chapters have been written by internationally recognized experts in the field and cover PFO genetics and anatomy in addition to the effect PFO can have on various different organs and its supposed involvement in several conditions and clinical syndromes such as migraine, diving incidence, platynea orthodeoxia, economy class syndrome, sleep apnea and persistent desaturations in mild right ventricular dysfunction.
As PFO anatomy varies significantly between individuals, chapters have also been included on the diagnostic tools, methods and techniques for appropriate assessment, detection and characterization of PFO. Furthermore, the multitude of available closure devices and techniques for PFO closure are discussed together with current and ongoing trial data. The book concludes with guidance and instruction on establishing a successful PFO program.
Patent Foramen Ovale will be an essential text for the whole adult and pediatric interventional community, general cardiologists, internists, primary care physicians, neurologists, and device companies in addition to medical students, graduate students and fellows in training.
Features
- Up-to-date and complete reference dedicated solely to the topic of Patent Foramen Ovale (PFO) including closure, anatomy and genetics in addition to trials, closure devices and techniques
- Discusses diagnostic tools for appropriate assessment? of Patent Foramen Ovale
- Edited by internationally renowned experts in the field

Table of contents (31 chapters)
1.Historical Perspective and Importance of PFO
2.Embryology, Neonatal Circulation and Anatomy of PFO
3.Anatomical Variations of Patent Foramen Ovale
4.Aging and Patent Foramen Ovale
5.Echocardiographic Detection and Transcranial Doppler Quantification of Right-to-Left Shunting
6.ICE: Intra-Procedural Evaluation and Guidance During Closure of PFO
7.A Comparison of Methods to Detect and Quantitate PFO: TCD, TTE, ICE and TEE
8.Angiographic Evaluation for PFO and Pulmonary AVMs
9.An Overview of Clinical Syndromes (Keeping the Heart in Mind)
10.The Association of Patent Foramen Ovale and Migraine Headache
11.Current Patient Management Issues, Clinical Trial Design Challenges, and the Pathway Forward
12.Patent Foramen Ovale and Divers
13.Orthodeoxia and Platypnea
14.Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Patent Foramen Ovale
15.PFO and Various Types of Surgery
16.When a PFO Is Discovered Incidentally
17.The GORE® Septal Occluder
18.The Novel PFO Specific Closure Devices: Why Did They Fail?
19.Optimal Device for Children and Closure Indications in Pediatric Population
20.Occlutech, PFM, Lifetech and Other New Devices. What’s on the Horizon?
21.Complications of PFO Closure
22.Device Closure of Patent Foramen Ovale or Medical Therapy for Cryptogenic Stroke: The CLOSURE I Trial
23.The Gore REDUCE Clinical Study
24.The PC Trial: An Effective Treatment Not Demonstrating Effective Power
25.From FDAs Point of View: What Is Needed to Move PFO Closure for Stroke Prevention Forward?
26.The Medical Device Manufacturer’s Perspective: W.L. Gore and Associates, Inc.
27.PFO-Patient’s Perspective
28.Clinical Trials to Assess the Relationship Between Patent Foramen Ovale and Migraine Headaches
29.Do We Need More PFO Trials: Hypercoaguable Syndromes, Obstructive Sleep Apnea, and Arrhythmias
30.Obstacles in Starting a PFO Closure Program. How I Did It
31.Developing a Successful Integrated PFO Closure Program