PHLOEM. METHODS AND PROTOCOLS

• Part 1 : Investigating phloem anatomy
Optimal preparation of tissue sections for light-microscopic analysis of phloem anatomy
Transmission electron microscopy of the phloem with minimal artifacts
Scanning electron microscopy of the phloem
Non-invasive investigation of phloem structure by 3D synchrotron X-ray microtomography
Quantification of leaf phloem anatomical features with microscopy
Methods of phloem visualization - a clear future in sight?
• Part 2 : Visualizing phloem proteins
Super-resolution microscopy of phloem proteins
Live-cell imaging of fluorescently-tagged phloem proteins with confocal microscopy
Immunohistochemical localization of proteins in the phloem: problems and solutions
• Part 3 : Sampling phloem sap
SStudying phloem loading with EDTA-facilitated phloem exudate collection and analysis
Measurement of inner bark and leaf osmolality
Using 13C to quantify phloem transport on tall plants in the field
Non-invasive determination of phloem transport speed with carbon-14 (14C)
Detecting rapid changes in carbon transport and partitioning with carbon-11 (11C)
In vivo veritas: radiotracers in studies of phloem transport of carbohydrate
Measuring phloem transport velocity in Arabidopsis seedlings using the fluorescent coumarin glucoside, esculin
Measuring phloem transport velocity on a tissue-level using a phloem-mobile dye
• Part 4 : Investigating mechanism and quantities of phloem loading and unloading
Quantification of symplasmic phloem loading capacity with live-cell microscopy
Assessing Long-distance Carbon Partitioning from Photosynthetic Source Leaves to Heterotrophic Sink Organs with Photoassismilated [14C]CO2
Measurement of subcellular metabolite concentrations in relation to phloem loading
Measuring sucrose transporter activity using a protoplast esculin assay
The AtSUC2 promoter: A powerful tool to study phloem physiology and development
• Part 5 : Phloem physiology
Using aphids to measure turgor pressure inside sieve elements
Stem compression: A means to reversibly reduce phloem transport in tree stems
Methods for assessing the role of phloem transport in plant stress responses
• Part 6 : Theoretical models and microfluidics of phloem function
Modeling the hydraulic conductivity of phloem sieve elements
Using a multi-compartmental metabolic model to predict carbon allocation in Arabidopsis thaliana
A mechanistic model to predict distribution of carbon among multiple sinks
Using a mathematical model of phloem transport to optimize strategies for crop improvement
Making microfluidic devices that simulate phloem transport
• Part 7 : Signals in the phloem
Efficient establishment of interfamily heterograft of Nicotiana benthamiana and Arabidopsis thaliana
Identification of phloem mobile mRNAs using the Solanacea heterograft system
Analyzing and predicting phloem mobility of macromolecules with an online database
Measurement of electropotential waves in intact phloem sieve elements using microelectrodes
Measurement of electropotential waves in intact sieve elements using aphids as bioelectrodes
What can cell culture systems reveal about sieve element differentiation?

This detailed book presents methods that enable the determination of parameters relevant to phloem research in the most efficient ways, putting plant scientists with access to adequate instrumentation in the position to answer any phloem-related question. The collection explores techniques that have been used for decades, such as tracing phloem transport with carbon isotopes, as well as recent developments, such as esculin-based assays of phloem transport and super-resolution microscopy of phloem proteins. As such, the book presents the state-of-the-art in phloem research and, at the same time, a starting point for the development of new methods that will fill the remaining gaps in the phloem researcher’s toolbox in the future. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls.
Authoritative and comprehensive, Phloem: Methods and Protocols is an ideal guide for all researchers exploring this challenging area of plant biology.

Features
• Includes cutting-edge techniques
• Provides step-by-step detail essential for reproducible results
• Contains key implementation advice from the experts