SKIN TISSUE ENGINEERING AND REGENERATIVE MEDICINE. PRINT ON DEMAND

• Dedication
• List of Contributors
• Foreword
• Chapter 1. Anatomy, Physiology, Histology, and Immunohistochemistry of Human Skin
o Introduction
o Skin Anatomy, Histology, and Physiology
o Epidermis
o Dermoepidermal Junction
o Dermis
o Hypodermis
o Wound Healing and Immunohistochemistry
• Chapter 2. Molecular and Cellular Biology of Wound Healing and Skin Regeneration
o Introduction
o Fibroproliferative Disorders of the Skin
o Medical Therapies for Skin Regeneration
o Future Directions
o List of Abbreviations
• Chapter 3. Tissue Processing and Staining for Histological Analyses
o Introduction
o Tissue Fixation
o Tissue Processing and Embedding
o Hematoxylin and Eosin Stain
o Bright Field Microscopy
o Immunofluorescence
o Immunohistochemistry
o Histochemical Stains
o Conclusion
• Chapter 4. Clinical Management of Wound Healing and Hypertrophic Scarring
o Wound Healing and the Biomedical Burden of Its Dysfunction
o Stages of Wound Healing
o Pathologic Wound Healing
o Chronic Wounds
o Wound Healing Therapies
o Fibroproliferative Disease
o Scar Reduction Therapies
o Regenerative Healing
o Conclusion
o List of Abbreviations
• Chapter 5. Process Development and Manufacturing of Human and Animal Acellular Dermal Matrices
o Introduction
o Clinical Need
o Development of ADMs
o ADM Requirements
o Processing Methodologies
o Biological Responses to ADMs
o Clinical Use
o Summary
• Chapter 6. Clinical Applications of Acellular Dermal Matrices in Reconstructive Surgery
o Introduction
o Animal Data
o Clinical Applications
o Conclusion/Future
• Chapter 7. Advances in Acellular Extracellular Matrices (ECM) for Wound Healing
o Introduction
o Acellular Matrices
o Manufacturing Process
o Mode of Action
o Matrix Application
o Evidence of Acellular Matrices Use in Other Conditions
o Conclusions
o List of Acronyms and Abbreviations
• Chapter 8. Natural Biomaterials for Skin Tissue Engineering
o Introduction
o Natural Biomaterials Found in ECM
o Other Natural Biomaterials
o Applications of Natural Biomaterials in STE
o General Considerations on the Applicability of Biomaterials in STE
o List of Acronyms and Abbreviations
• Chapter 9. Synthetic Biomaterials for Skin Tissue Engineering
o Introduction
o Characteristics of the Ideal Skin Substitute
o The Need for Synthetic Materials in Skin Substitutes
o Development of Synthetic Skin Substitutes over Time
o Selected Patents on “Artificial Skin”
o Selected Examples of Commercially Available Skin Substitutes
o Limitations of Available Skin Substitutes (Problems with “Off-the-Shelf” Skin Substitutes)
o Selected Materials and Fabrication Methods
o Future Prospects and Concluding Remarks
• Chapter 10. Hybrid Biomaterials for Skin Tissue Engineering
o Introduction
o Skin: Structure and Function
o Skin Injury
o How Can We “Close” an Extensive Cutaneous Wound?
o Why Do We Need Alternatives to the Skin Graft?
o What Needs to Be Considered in Treating Deep Skin Injury/Loss?
o An Introduction to Biodegradable Temporizing Matrices
o An Introduction to In Vitro Dermo-epidermal (Composite) Cultured Skins
o The Future
• Chapter 11. Biologic Skin Substitutes
o Introduction and Medical Needs
o Biological Requirements and Current Alternatives
o Deficiencies of Biologic Skin Substitutes
o Regenerative Medicine and Mechanisms of Developmental Biology
o Gene Therapy Approaches
o Regulation of Skin Substitutes by the US Food and Drug Administration
o Conclusions and Future Directions
o List of Acronyms and Abbreviations
o Glossary
• Chapter 12. Wound Healing: A Comprehensive Wound Assessment and Treatment Approach
o Wound Healing, Then and Now
o Wound Healing Process
o Factors Impacting Wound Healing
o Work-Up of a Patient with a Nonhealing Wound
o Common Wound Etiologies/Treatment
o Future Directions
• Chapter 13. Current Innovations for the Treatment of Chronic Wounds
o Burden of Diabetic Foot Ulcers
o Wound Healing
o Cutaneous Microbiota
o Standard of Care
o Advanced Bioengineered Treatment Options
o Next-Generation Skin Substitutes
o Tapping Innate Antimicrobials
o Cathelicidin, a Multifunctional HDP
o A Promising Skin Tissue with Enhanced Cathelicidin Expression
o Safety Features of Genetically Modified Skin Tissue
o Designer Tissues for Specific Needs
o Conclusions
• Chapter 14. The Surgical Management of Burn Wounds
o Epidemiology of Burn Injuries
o Presentation of Burn Injuries
o Resuscitation
o Repair
• Chapter 15. Advances in Isolation and Expansion of Human Cells for Clinical Applications
o Introduction
o Skin Harvesting
o Cell Isolation
o Cell Expansion
o Clinical Application
o Conclusion
• Chapter 16. Cutaneous Applications of Stem Cells for Skin Tissue Engineering
o Introduction: Stem Cells
o Skin-Derived Stem Cells
o Adult Stem Cells
o Perinatal Tissues and Stem Cells
o Summary and Future Applications of Stem Cells in Wound Healing
• Chapter 17. Advances in Biopharmaceutical Agents and Growth Factors for Wound Healing and Scarring
o Introduction
o The Transforming Growth Factor-ß Family
o Other TGF-ß-Based Approaches: Decorin and Mannose 6 Phosphate
o Modulation of Smad3/Smad7 Signaling
o Epidermal Growth Factor Family
o Fibroblast Growth Factor Family
o Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Family
o Granulocyte Macrophage-Colony Stimulating Factor
o Connective Tissue Growth Factor
o Hepatocyte Growth Factor
o Interleukin 10
o Connexins
o Other Approaches under Investigation for Scar Reduction
o Discussion and Future Directions
o List of Abbreviations
• Chapter 18. Skin Models for Drug Development and Biopharmaceutical Industry
o Outline of the Chapter
o Introduction
o Human Skin Models to Assess Pharmacologically Relevant Data
o Realization of Disease Models
o Experimental Parameters Influencing Readout
o Gating Studies
o Future Challenges
o Conclusion
• Chapter 19. Animal Models for Wound Healing
o Introduction
o Comparative Animal Models of Wound Healing
o Animal Models of Acute Wounds
o Animal Models of Scarless Wound Healing
o Animal Models of Chronic Wounds
o Conclusion
• Chapter 20. Human Skin Bioprinting: Trajectory and Advances
o Overview of Bioprinting
o Skin Bioprinter Development
o Skin Bioprinting
o Conclusion
• Chapter 21. Translational Research of Skin Substitutes and Wound Healing Products
o Translational Research and the Commercialization Pathway
o Target Product Profile and Regulatory Path
o Economic Challenges and Strategic Development Framework
o Future Translational Needs
o Future Directions
• Index

Skin Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine provides the latest research on the skin, the largest human organ system, whose loss of, due to injury or illness, can result in substantial physiologic imbalance, severe disability, and even death. As the science is relevant to burn victims and those with surgical scars and plastic surgery, the therapies resulting from skin tissue engineering and regenerative medicine are important to a broad spectrum of patients. This title provides a translational link for biomedical researchers across fields to understand the inter-disciplinary approaches which have expanded available therapies for patients. This work expands on the primary literature and research on the state-of-the-art of cell therapies and biomaterials to review the most widely used surgical therapies for specific clinical scenarios.

KEY FEATURES
• Explores the cellular and molecular processes of wound healing, scar formation, and dermal repair
• Includes examples of animal models for wound healing and their translation to the clinical world
• Presents the current state of, and clinical opportunities for, extracellular matrices, natural biomaterials, synthetic biomaterials, biologic skin substitutes, and adult and fetal stem and skin cells for skin regenerative therapies and wound management
• Discusses new innovative approaches for wound healing, including skin bioprinting and directed cellular therapies.

Authors
o Mohammad Albanna, Adjunct Assistant Professor of General Surgery, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA; Sr. R&D Manager, Pinnacle Transplant Technologies, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
o James H Holmes IV, Associate Professor of Surgery, Wake Forest University School of Medicine and Director, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center (WFBMC) Burn Center, Winston-Salem, NC, USA