SURGICAL APPROACHES TO THE SPINE, 3RD ED.

Table of Contents (54 chapter)
1.Anterior Cervical Approaches to the Spine
2.Transoral Approach to C1–C2
3.Transoral–Transpharyngeal Approach to the Cervical Spine
4.Ventral Approaches to the Clivus, C1, and C2
5.Anterior Medial Approach to C1, C2, and C3
6.Anterior Lateral Approach to the Upper Cervical Spine
7.Anterior Medial Approach to the Midcervical Spine
8.Lateral Approach to the Cervical Spine (Verbiest)
9.Lateral Approach to the Cervical Spine (Hodgson)
10.Supraclavicular Approach
11.Lincoln Highway Approach to the Cervical Spine
12.Cervicothoracic Junction
13.Anterior Approach to the Cervicothoracic Spine
14.Transsternal Approach to the Cervicothoracic Junction
15.Transaxillary Approach to the Upper Dorsal Spine
16.Third Rib Resection in the Transthoracic Approach
17.Thoracotomy Approach
18.The Thoracolumbar Junction
19.Tenth Rib: Thoracoabdominal Approach
20.Eleventh Rib Approach
21.Trans-Eleventh Rib Extrapleural Approach
22.Twelfth Rib Approach
23.Video Endoscopic Approach to the Thoracic Spine
24.Tubular Lateral Approach to the Thoracic and Thoracolumbar Junction
25.Anterior Retroperitoneal Flank Approach to L2–L5 of the Lumbar Spine
26.Anterior Retroperitoneal Muscle-Sparing Approach to L2–S1 of the Lumbar Spine
27.Anterior Retroperitoneal Flank Approach to L5–S1
28.Anterior Extraperitoneal Midline Incision of L2–S1
29.Transperitoneal Midline Approach to L4–S1
30.Laparoscopic Approach to the L3–L4 and L4–L5 Intervertebral Discs
31.Transperitoneal Laparoscopic Approach to L5–S1
32.Balloon-Assisted Endoscopic Retroperitoneal Gasless (BERG) Approach to the Lumbar Spine
33.Tubular Lateral Approach to the Lumbar Spine
34.Oblique Lateral Approach to the Lumbar Spine (L2–L5)
35.Oblique Lateral Retroperitoneal Approach to L5–S1
36.Superior Hypogastric Sympathetic Plexus
37.En Bloc Sacrectomy
38.Approach to the Posterior Aspect of C1–C2
39.Posterior Approach to the C1–C2 Joints
40.Minimally Invasive Approach to Posterior Occiput to C2
41.Cervical Foraminotomy: Indications and Technique
42.Microcervical Foraminotomy: An Alternative Posterior Technique for Intractable Radicular Pain
43.Tubular Approaches to the Posterior Cervical Spine
44.Costotransversectomy
45.Posterior and Posterolateral Approaches to the Thoracic Disc
46.Posterior Approach to the Lower Lumbar Spine
47.Lumbar Laminotomy, Foraminotomy, Root Decompression, and Discectomy in the Lateral Position
48.Microscopic Lumbar Discectomy
49.Bilateral Paraspinous Lumbosacral Approach
50.Posterolateral Foraminal Approach to the Lumbar Disc
51.Microendoscopic Discectomy for Lumbar Disc Herniations: Paramedian and Far Lateral Approaches
52.Endoscopic Foraminal Approach to the Lumbar Spine
53.Total En Bloc Spondylectomy: A New Surgical Technique for Malignant Vertebral Tumors
54.Injections of the Cervical, Thoracic, and Lumbar Spine

- Revised and expanded edition of Surgical Approaches to the Spine,
2e (2003), featuring nine new chapters
- Clearly enumerated and illustrated step-by-step surgical procedures
for the spine, back and neck
- Reflects the worldwide movement toward tubular retractors for a
multitude of approaches

Now is its revised and expanded third edition, including nine new chapters, this step-bystep,
state-of-the-art procedural manual covers over 50 unique surgical approaches for
injuries and conditions of the spine. Generously illustrated, various surgical approaches to
the cervical, thoracic and lumbar spine are clearly enumerated and described, including
anterior, lateral, and posterior approaches and the worldwide movement toward the use
of tubular retractors for a multitude of approaches. Written and edited by leaders in the
field of spine surgery, this updated edition will be an invaluable resource for orthopedic
surgeons, neurosurgeons and sports medicine practitioners alike.

Authors
Robert G. Watkins III, MD, Director, Marina Spine Center, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
Robert G. Watkins IV, MD, Chairman, Surgery Department, Marina del Rey Hospital, Marina del Rey, CA, USA