TARGETED BIOMARKER QUANTITATION BY LC-MS

Part I Overview 1
1 Overview of Targeted Quantitation of Biomarkers and Its Applications 3
2 Translational Application of Biomarkers 17
3 Current Regulatory Guidance Pertaining Biomarker Assay Establishment and Industrial Practice of Fit ]for ]Purpose and Tiered Approach 35
4 Modern Liquid Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry for Targeted Biomarker Quantitation 45
5 Comparison Between LC–MS and Ligand ]Binding Assay Approaches for Biomarker Quantification 65
6 Sample Preparation Methods for Targeted Biomarker Quantification by LC ]MS 79
7 Overcome the Endogenous Levels in Biomarker Quantitation Using LC–MS 107

Part II Challenges and Approaches 119
8 Sample Collection for Targeted Biomarker Quantitation by LC–MS 121
9 Nonspecific Binding in LC–MS Bioanalysis 137
10 Strategies for Improving Sensitivity for Targeted Quantitation by LC–MS 149
11 Strategies to Improve Specificity for Targeted Biomarker Quantitation by LC–MS 171
12 Biomarker Quantitation Using Relative Approaches 183

Part III Applications 195
13 Targeted Quantification of Amino Acid Biomarkers Using LC ]MS 197
14 Targeted Quantification of Peptide Biomarkers: A Case Study of Amyloid Peptides 211
15 Targeted Protein Biomarker Quantitation by LC ]MS 227
16 Glycoprotein Biomarkers 245
17 Targeted Lipid Biomarker Quantitation Using Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (LC–MS) 273
18 Targeted LC–MS Quantification of Androgens and Estrogens for Biomarker Development 289
19 Steroid Biomarkers 307
20 Bile Acids as Biomarkers 321
21 Biomarkers for Vitamin Status and Deficiency: LC ]MS Based Approach 331
22 Quantitation of Acyl ]Coenzyme A Thioesters as Metabolic Biomarkers 347
23 Neurotransmitter Biomarkers 357
24 Targeted Quantification of Carbohydrate Biomarkers Using LC–MS 371
25 Nucleoside/Nucleotide Biomarkers 389
26 LC–MS of RNA Biomarkers 407

The first book to offer a blueprint for overcoming the challenges to successfully quantifying biomarkers in living organisms
The demand among scientists and clinicians for targeted quantitation experiments has experienced explosive growth in recent years. While there are a few books dedicated to bioanalysis and biomarkers in general, until now there were none devoted exclusively to addressing critical issues surrounding this area of intense research. Target Biomarker Quantitation by LC-MS provides a detailed blueprint for quantifying biomarkers in biological systems. It uses numerous real-world cases to exemplify key concepts, all of which were carefully selected and presented so as to allow the concepts they embody to be easily expanded to future applications, including new biomarker development.
Target Biomarker Quantitation by LC-MS primarily focuses on the assay establishment for biomarker quantitation—a critical issue rarely treated in depth. It offers comprehensive coverage of three core areas of biomarker assay establishment: the relationship between the measured biomarkers and their intended usage; contemporary regulatory requirements for biomarker assays (a thorough understanding of which is essential to producing a successful and defendable submission); and the technical challenges of analyzing biomarkers produced inside a living organism or cell.
• Covers the theory of and applications for state-of-the-art mass spectrometry and chromatography and their applications in biomarker analysis
• Features real-life examples illustrating the challenges involved in target biomarker quantitation and the innovative approaches which have been used to overcome those challenges
• Addresses potential obstacles to obtain effective biomarker level and data interpretation, such as specificity establishment and sample collection
• Outlines a tiered approach and fit-for-purpose assay protocol for target biomarker quantitation
• Highlights the current state of the biomarker regulatory environment and protocol standards
Target Biomarker Quantitation by LC-MS is a valuable resource for bioanalytical scientists, drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics scientists, clinical scientists, analytical chemists, and others for whom biomarker quantitation is an important tool of the trade. It also functions as an excellent text for graduate courses in pharmaceutical, biochemistry and chemistry.

Author Information
• Naidong Weng, PhD, is Scientific Director, Janssen Fellow, and Head of Bioanalytical Chemistry and Pharmacokinetics within Department of Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism at US East Coast, Janssen Research & Development, Johnson and Johnson. He has over 25 years of experiences on quantitative bioanalysis. His research interest includes using HILIC-MS/MS for quantitation of highly polar analytes as well as chiral analysis. He has published more than 110 journal papers and book chapters.
• Wenying Jian, PhD, a Senior Principal Scientist of Bioanalytical Chemistry and Pharmacokinetics within Department of Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism at US East Coast, Janssen Research & Development, Johnson and Johnson. Her research experience and interest center on application of advanced LC-MS methodologies in detection, identification, and quantitation of endogenous molecules, drugs and their metabolites, including small and large molecules, and in complicated biological matrices. She has published more than 40 journal papers and book chapters.