TEXTBOOK OF SMALL ANIMAL EMERGENCY MEDICINE

VOLUME 1
Section 1 Emergency Medicine Overview 1
1 Goals in Veterinary Emergency Medicine 3
2 Triage 6
Section 2 Common Conditions in Emergency Medicine 11
3 Neurological Disorders 13
4 Respiratory Distress 18
5 Ventricular Ectopy 22
6 Acute Abdomen 26
7 The Collapsed Patient 31
8 Global Approach to the Trauma Patient 39
9 Reproductive Emergencies 44
10 Anemia 48
11 Jaundice 55
12 Ophthalmic Emergencies 60
13 Vomiting, Regurgitation, and Diarrhea 66
14 Dysuria 72
15 Dermatological and Ear Disease 76
16 Toxin Exposure 92
17 Epistaxis 97
18 Fever 101
Section 3 Emergency Conditions by System 107
A. Neurological Disorders 109
19 Traumatic Brain Injury 111
20 Altered Mentation 118
21 Seizures 124
22 Intracranial Disease 131
23 Vestibular Disease 137
24 Spinal Trauma 146
25 Intervertebral Disk Disease 154
26 Diskospondylitis 161
27 Lower Motor Neuron Disease 166
B. Respiratory Disease 177
28 Brachycephalic Syndrome 179
29 Feline Upper Respiratory Complex 186
30 Laryngeal Paralysis 193
31 Tracheobronchial Injury and Collapse 196
32 Acute Airway Obstruction 206
33 Exacerbations of Chronic Bronchitis 215
34 Feline Lower Airway Disease 220
35 Puppy Pneumonia 225
36 Coughing and Hemoptysis 229
37 Bronchopneumonia 234
38 Cardiogenic Pulmonary Edema 242
39 Neurogenic Pulmonary Edema 247
40 Submersion Injury 253
41 Pulmonary Hemorrhage 260
42 Pulmonary Thromboembolism 266
43 Primary and Metastatic Pulmonary Neoplasia 273
44 Pneumothorax 278
45 Pleural Effusions 285
46 Pyothorax 291
47 Diaphragmatic Hernia 298
48 Penetrating Thoracic Trauma 304
49 Blunt Thoracic Trauma 309
50 Look-Alike Causes of Respiratory Distress 316
51 Mechanisms of Heart Failure 321
52 Congenital Cardiovascular Disease 325
53 Arrhythmias 329
54 Pericardial Effusion 336
55 Dilated Cardiomyopathy 341
56 Feline Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy 349
57 Valvular Heart Disease 355
58 Heartworm Disease 362
59 Pulmonary Hypertension 372
60 Bradyarrhythmias and Pacemakers 380
61 Myocarditis 385
62 Thromboembolic Disease 388
63 Systemic Arterial Hypertension 397
D. Hematological and Oncological Disorders 405
64 Leukocytosis and Leukopenia 407
65 Non-Regenerative Anemia 413
66 Hemolytic Anemia 419
67 Thrombocytopenia 427
68 Fibrinolysis and Antifibrinolytics 430
69 Congenital Coagulopathy 440
70 Acquired Coagulopathy 444
71 Antithrombotics in the Emergency Room 455
72 Sick Oncology Patients in the Emergency Room 459
73 Paraneoplastic Syndromes 467
E. Esophageal and Abdominal Disease 473
74 Vomiting and Regurgitation 475
75 Esophageal Foreign Bodies 481
76 Diarrhea 485
77 Hematemesis and Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage 490
78 Parvovirus Enteritis 496
79 Hemorrhagic Gastroenteritis 501
80 Protein-Losing Enteropathy 506
81 Gastrointestinal Obstruction 511
82 Gastric Dilation-Volvulus 520
83 Mesenteric Torsion 524
84 Hemoperitoneum 528
85 Splenic Disease 535
86 Pancreatitis 541
87 Peritonitis 550
88 Postoperative Complications Presenting to the Emergency Service 556
89 Biliary Disease 561
90 Acute Liver Failure 566
91 Feeding Tube Complications 578
92 Anorectal Disease 582
93 Constipation 587

VOLUME 2
F. Urogenital Disorders 593
94 Acute Azotemia 595
95.Oliguria 601
96 Urinary Tract Infections 606
97 Urolithiasis 620
98 Feline Ureteral Obstruction: Diagnosis and Management 627
99 Feline Lower Urinary Tract Obstruction 634
100 Urethral Trauma 641
101 Lyme Nephritis 646
102 Chronic Kidney Disease 653
103 Uroabdomen 659
104 Urethral Prolapse 665
105 Discolored Urine 667
106 Urinary Diversion in the Emergency Room 673
107 Acid–Base Disorders 680
108 Sodium and Water Balance 687
109 Potassium Disorders 697
110 Calcium, Magnesium, and Phosphorus Disorders 706
111 Hypoglycemia 716
112 Hyperglycemia 723
113 Complicated Diabetes Mellitus 726
114 Adrenal Gland Disorders 733
115 Hypoadrenocorticism 739
116 Thyroid Disorders 749
117 Diabetes Insipidus 754
G. Reproductive Disorders 759
118 Dystocia 761
119 Eclampsia 767
120 Neonatal Resuscitation 771
121 Diseases of the Neonate 775
122 Metritis and Mastitis 787
123 Pyometra 791
124 Prostatic Disease 798
125 Uterine and Vaginal Prolapse 803
126 Penile, Preputial, and Testicular Disease 808
H. Common Toxins 815
127 Decontamination and Toxicological Analyses of the Poisoned Patient 817
128 Lipid “Rescue” Therapy 827
129 Blood Purification Techniques for Intoxications 831
130 Rodenticide Toxicity 837
131 Ethylene Glycol Intoxication 842
132 Acetaminophen Intoxication 847
133 Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug Intoxications 852
134 Grape, Raisin, and Lily Ingestion 858
135 Recreational Drug Intoxications 862
136 Household Toxins 867
I. Skin and Soft Tissue Disease 871
137 Life-Threatening Dermatological Emergencies 873
138 Severe Soft Tissue Infections 888
J. Environmental Emergencies 893
139 Smoke Inhalation Toxicity 895
140 Porcupine Quilling 901
141 Crotalinae Snake Envenomation 904
142 Elapid Snake Envenomation: American Coral Snakes and Australian Elapids (Tiger Snakes, Brown Snakes, Taipans, Death Adders and Black Snakes) 910
143 Spider and Scorpion Envenomation 917
144 Bufo Toad Toxicosis 922
145 Hymenoptera Envenomation 926
146 Hypersensitivity and Anaphylaxis 932
147 Canine Heat Stroke 938
148 Cold Exposure 946
149 Electrical and Lightning Injuries 952
Section 4 Trauma and Resuscitation 959
A. Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation 961
150 Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in the Emergency Room 963
151 Small Animal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Initiatives 970
B. Circulatory Shock 975
152 Pathophysiology of Shock 977
153 Hypovolemic Shock 982
154 Cardiogenic Shock 989
155 Additional Mechanisms of Shock 996
156 Lactate Monitoring 1001
157 Emerging Monitoring Techniques 1007
158 Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury 1015
159 Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome, Sepsis, and Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome 1026
C. Trauma 1035
160 Trauma Overview 1037
161 Trauma Center Registry 1048
162 High-Rise Syndrome 1050
163 Trauma-Associated Coagulopathy 1056
164 Metabolic Consequences of Trauma 1064
165 Traumatic Orthopedic Emergencies 1068
166 Wound Management Principles 1075
Section 5 Fluid and Blood Product Therapy 1085
167 Crystalloid Fluid Therapy 1087
168 Colloid Fluid Therapy 1093
169 Crystalloids versus Colloids 1099
170 Management of Hemorrhagic Shock 1111
171 Management of Dehydration 1122
172 Maintenance Fluid Therapy 1128
173 Potassium Supplementation 1132
174 Administration of Sodium Bicarbonate 1136
175 Continuous-Rate Infusion 1143
176 Transfusion of Red Blood Cells and Plasma 1147
177 Massive Transfusion 1152
Section 6 Emergency Room Procedures 1157
178 Vascular Access 1159
179 Intraosseous Catheters 1165
180 Airway Management 1169
181 Oxygen Therapy 1173
182 Sonography in the Emergency Room 1179
183 Thoracocentesis 1191
184 Thoracostomy Tube Placement 1195
185 Pericardiocentesis 1198
186 Abdominocentesis 1202
187 Urethral Catheterization (Including Urohydropulsion) 1206
188 Mechanical Ventilation in the Emergency Room 1212
189 Damage Control Surgery 1215
Section 7 Anesthesia and Analgesia for the Emergency Room Patient 1219
190 Anesthesia and Analgesia in the Emergency Room: An Overview 1221
191 Anesthetic Concerns and Protocols for Common Conditions 1227
192 Sedation for the Emergency Room Patient 1235
193 Pain Management in Critical Patients 1241
194 Opioids 1246
195 Alpha-2 Adrenergic Agonists 1251
196 Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs 1254
197 Regional Anesthesia Techniques 1259
198 Go Home Analgesics 1265
199 Approach to the Aggressive or Fearful Emergency Room Patient 1272
Section 8 Unique Emergency Medicine Topics 1279
200 Antimicrobial Therapy in the Emergency Patient 1281
201 Disaster Medicine 1288
202 Working Dogs in the Emergency Room 1294
203 Approach to Unowned and Shelter/Rescue Animals in the Emergency Room 1299
204 Euthanasia Considerations 1302
205 Emergency Room Design and Staffing Models 1309
206 Conflict in the Emergency Room 1318
207 Maximizing Communication 1323
208 Basics of Clinical Study Design 1327
209 Designing and Participating in Clinical Trials 1331

Textbook of Small Animal Emergency Medicine offers an in-depth understanding of emergency disease processes and the underlying rationale for the diagnosis, treatment, monitoring, and prognosis for these conditions in small animals.

• A comprehensive reference on a major topic in veterinary medicine
• The only book in this discipline to cover the pathophysiology of disease in depth
• Edited by four respected experts in veterinary emergency medicine
• A core text for those studying for specialty examinations
• Includes access to a website with video clips, additional figures, and the figures from the book in PowerPoint

Authors
• Kenneth J. Drobatz, DVM, MSCE, Diplomate ACVIM, Diplomate ACVECC, is Professor of Critical Care and Director of Emergency Services at the University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
• Kate Hopper, BVSc, PhD, Diplomate ACVECC, is Assistant Professor at the University of California Davis School of Veterinary Medicine in Davis, California, USA.
• Elizabeth A. Rozanski, DVM, Diplomate ACVIM, Diplomate ACVECC, is Associate Professor at Tufts University Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine in North Grafton, Massachusetts, USA.
• Deborah Silverstein, DVM, Diplomate ACVECC, is Associate Professor of Critical Care at the University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.