THE KNEE. RECONSTRUCTION, REPLACEMENT, AND REVISION, 2 VOLS.

SECTION ONE: ARTHOPLASTY FUNDAMENTALS
1 History of Knee Replacement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1
2 Joint Registries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1
3 Study Design and Basic Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1
4 Knee Society Score . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1
5 A Tool for Measuring Lower Extremity Activity: A Well-Validated, Simple,
6 Knee Outcome Questionnaires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-1
7 Economic Aspects of Total Knee Arthroplasty. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-1
8 Anatomy: Description of Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-1
9 Biomechanics of the Knee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-1
10 Biomaterials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-1
11 Metal Alloys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-1
12 Surface Treatment to Foster Biological Incorporation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-1
13 Oxinium. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-1
14 Ultra-High-Molecular-Weight Polyethylene. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-1
15 Polymethylmethacrylate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15-1
16 Individual Host Variation in Knee Arthroplasty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16-1
17 Orthopaedic Implant Oncogenesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-1
18 Basic Science of Bacteria and Antibacterial Agents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18-1
19 The Human Meniscus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19-1
20 Epidemiology and Pathogenesis of Knee Osteoarthritis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20-1
21 Surgical Exposures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21-1

SECTION TWO: PREVENTION AND MANAGEMENT OF COMPLICATIONS
22 Prevention of Complications: Venous Thromboembolism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22-1
23 Perioperative Cardiovascular Management in Reconstructive Knee Surgery . . . . . . . . . 23-1
24 Perioperative Considerations for Total Knee Arthroplasty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24-1
25 Sources and Controls of Microorganisms in the Operating Room During Total
26 Screening for Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Total Knee Arthroplasty. . . . 26-1
27 Perioperative Pain Management for Total Knee Arthroplasty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27-1
28 Anesthetic Considerations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28-1
29 Blood Loss in Total Knee Arthroplasty. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29-1
30 Soft Tissue Coverage Following Total Knee Arthroplasty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30-1
31 Management of Vascular Complications Following Total Knee Arthroplasty . . . . . . . . . 31-1

SECTION THREE: JOINT PRESERVATION PROCEDURES
32 Nonsurgical Evaluation and Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32-1
33 NSAIDS, Weight Loss, Bracing, Lateral Heel Wedges, and Physical Therapy for the
Treatment of Knee Arthritis: What Does the Evidence Show? . 33-1
34 Knee Arthroscopy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34-1
35 Closed-Wedge High Tibia Osteotomy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35-1
36 Open-Wedge High Tibial Osteotomy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36-1
37 Alternative Proximal Tibial Osteotomy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37-1
38 Distal Femoral Varus Osteotomies for Lateral Osteoarthritis of the Knee . . . . . . . . . . . . 38-1
39 Osteoarticular Transfer System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39-1
40 Articular Cartilage Repair . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40-1

SECTION FOUR: KNEE RECONSTRUCTION
41 Preoperative Clinical Evaluation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41-1
42 Preoperative Imaging: Radiographic and Cross-Sectional Studies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42-1
43 Imaging of the Patellofemoral Joint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43-1
44 Principles of Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty: Indications and Contraindications. . . . . 44-1
45 Patella Resurfacing in Total Knee Arthroplasty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45-1
46 Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46-1
47 Lateral Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47-1
48 Patellofemoral Arthroplasty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48-1
49 Bicompartmental Arthroplasty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49-1
50 Gap Balancing Versus Measured Resection Techniques for Total Knee Arthroplasty . . . 50-1
51 Principles of Ligament Balancing and Alignment in Total Knee Arthroplasty . . . . . . . . 51-1
52 Constraint in Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52-1
53 Minimally Invasive Total Knee Arthroplasty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53-1
54 Navigation-Assisted Total Knee Arthroplasty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54-1
55 Robotically Assisted Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55-1
56 Computer-Assisted Imageless Unicompartmental Knee Replacement Surgery . . . . . . . . 56-1
57 Kinematically Aligned Total Knee Arthroplasty with Patient-Specific Cutting Guides. . 57-1
58 Patient-Matched Instruments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58-1
59 Total Knee Arthroplasty Using Mobile Bearing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59-1
60 Current Trends and Indications for All-Polyethylene Tibial Components . . . . . . . . . . . . 60-1
61 Uncemented Total Knee Arthroplasty Using Tantalum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61-1
62 Uncemented Total Knee Arthroplasty Using Porous Titanium. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62-1
63 Total Knee Arthroplasty for Varus Knee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63-1
64 Valgus Total Knee Arthroplasty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64-1
65 Total Knee Arthroplasty for Extra-articular Deformities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65-1
66 Total Knee Arthroplasty and Paget’s Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66-1
67 Total Knee Arthroplasty for Avascular Osteonecrosis and Sickle Cell Disease . . . . . . . . 67-1
68 Total Knee Arthroplasty for Septic Arthritis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68-1
69 Total Knee Arthroplasty After Previous Patellectomy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69-1
70 Total Knee Arthroplasty in Patients with Organ Transplantation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70-1
71 Total Knee Arthroplasty in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71-1
72 Total Knee Arthroplasty in Ankylosing Spondylitis Patients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72-1
73 Total Knee Arthroplasty in Patients with Charcot Joint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73-1
74 Total Knee Arthroplasty in Patients with Lymphedema . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74-1
75 Total Knee Arthroplasty in Cancer Patients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75-1
76 Total Knee Arthroplasty in Obese Patients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76-1
77 Total Knee Arthroplasty in Patients with Severe Inherited Bleeding Disorders
Caused by Coagulation Factor Deficiency . . 77-1

SECTION FIVE: REVISION KNEE ARTHROPLASTY
78 Evaluation of the Painful Total Knee Arthroplasty. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78-1
79 Principles of Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79-1
80 Selecting the Right Degree of Constraint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80-1
81 Classification of Bone Loss: The Anderson Orthopaedic Research Institute
Bone Defect Classification . .. 81-1
82 Classification of Bone Loss: The University of Pennsylvania Classification. . . . . . . . . . 82-1
83 Bone Allograft Reconstruction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83-1
84 Metaphyseal Augmentation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84-1
85 Porous Tantalum Augments and Cones. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85-1
86 Knee Impaction Bone Grafting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86-1
87 Revision for Aseptic Failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87-1
88 Assessment and Revision for Instability in Total Knee Arthroplasty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88-1
89 Rorabeck Classification of Periprosthetic Femoral Fracture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89-1
90 Rothman Institute Classification of Periprosthetic Femoral Fracture. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90-1
91 Classification and Management of Periprosthetic Tibial Fractures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91-1
92 Periprosthetic Femoral Fracture: Intramedullary Nail Fixation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92-1
93 Periprosthetic Femoral Fracture: Locking Plate Fixation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93-1
94 Revision of Components for Periprosthetic Fracture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94-1
95 Distal Femoral Replacement for Periprosthetic Fracture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95-1
96 Tantalum Patellar Replacement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96-1
97 Patellar Bone Grafting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97-1
98 Allograft Reconstruction of Extensor Mechanism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98-1
99 Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty for Stiffness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99-1
100 Malpositioning and Malalignment in Total Knee Arthroplasty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100-1
101 Diagnosis of Periprosthetic Joint Infection: Serology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101-1
102 Diagnosis of Periprosthetic Joint Infection: Molecular Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102-1
103 Diagnosis of Periprosthetic Joint Infection: Culture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103-1
104 Diagnosis of Periprosthetic Joint Infection: Frozen Section. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104-1
105 Diagnosis of Periprosthetic Joint Infection: Imaging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105-1
106 Management of Periprosthetic Joint Infection: Local Infusion Therapy . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106-1
107 Management of Periprosthetic Joint Infection: Irrigation and Debridement . . . . . . . . . . 107-1
108 Revision for Infection: One Stage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108-1
109 One-Stage Exchange of Infected Total Knee Arthroplasty: Effective Antimicrobial
Treatment and Biological Reconstruction Using Antibiotic-Impregnated Allograft . . 109-1
110 Resection Arthroplasty and Use of Dynamic Spacers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110-1
111 Resection Arthroplasty and Use of Static Spacers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111-1
112 Principles of Reimplantation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112-1
113 Antibiotic Management in the Treatment of Periprosthetic Joint Infection . . . . . . . . . . . 113-1

SECTION SIX: SALVAGE PROCEDURES
114 Knee Fusion: Intramedullary Nail. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114-1
115 Knee Fusion: External Fixation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115-1
116 Total Femoral Replacement Arthroplasty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116-1
117 Above-the-Knee Amputation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117-1
118 Knee Disarticulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118-1
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . INDEX-1

The Knee: Reconstruction, Replacement, and Revision has been written with one fundamental objective in mind: relevance. The authors, world renowned experts in hip and knee reconstruction, offer highly practical information based on their experience. Knee reconstruction surgeons will benefit from the step-by-step guidance and significance of details on treatment of each knee disorder.
There are a number of chapters on the basic fundamentals of knee surgery that aim to help surgeons prevent complications of TKA and optimize the outcome of this procedure. The nonreplacement, joint preservation options for treatment are also provided whenever appropriate.
The over 1500 pages are richly illustrated with color figures, diagrams, and tables that visualize important information and help establish this book as a highly valuable resource.


Key Features:
• Valuable Pearls and Pitfalls, Suggested Reading, and insightful Case Studies
• Evidence-based focus
• Extensive, richly illustrated figures, diagrams and tables
• Latest management options and techniques
• Emphasis on joint preservation procedures
• Preventing TKA failures such as infection, periprosthetic fractures, or instability


Author
Javad Parvizi, MD, FRCS. Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rothman Institute, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.