TOXICOLOGY OF CYANIDES AND CYANOGENS: EXPERIMENTAL, APPLIED AND CLINICAL ASPECTS

The basic and applied toxicology of cyanides and cyanogens has widespread commercial, occupational, environmental, clinical, forensic, military, and public health implications. This book provides a detailed and updated reference describing the properties, uses, general and human toxicology, clinical recognition, diagnosis and medical management, and countermeasures is therefore required in academic, medical, occupational, environmental, medico-legal, regulatory, emergency response, and military arenas. Edited by a world-renowned team of experts from academia, defense and industry, this book will be an invaluable reference for professionals, researchers and students in cyanide and cyanogens.

Authors
- Alan H. Hall Toxicology Consulting and Medical Translating Services, Inc., USA. Department of Health & Human Services, Colorado School of Public Health, USA
- Gary E. Isom Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Purdue University, USA
- Gary A. Rockwood Analytical Toxicology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, USA.

Table of Contents
1 Acute cyanide toxicity 1
2 Chronic cyanide exposure 21
3 Physicochemical properties synthesis applications and transport 41
4 Cyanide metabolism and physiological disposition 54
5 Biochemical mechanisms of cyanide toxicity 70
6 Environmental toxicology of cyanide 82
7 Cyanide in the production of long-term adverse health effects in humans 98
8 Pediatric cyanide poisoning 113
9 Sodium nitroprusside in intensive care medicine and issues of cyanide poisoning cyanide poisoning prophylaxis and thiocyanate poisoning 129
10 Smoke inhalation 151
11 Occupational exposure to cyanide 158
12 Cyanogenic aliphatic nitriles 166
13 The special case of acrylonitrile (CH2=CH–C=N) 181
14 Cyanide in chemical warfare and terrorism 195
15 Cyanide-induced neural dysfunction and neurodegeneration 209
16 Cyanides and cardiotoxicity 224
17 Respiratory effects of cyanide 232
18 The analysis of cyanide in biological samples 249
19 Postmortem pathological and biochemical diagnosis of cyanide poisoning 268
20 Medicolegal and forensic factors in cyanide poisoning 276
21 Brief overview of mechanisms of cyanide antagonism and cyanide antidotes in current clinical use 283
22 Cyanide antidotes in clinical use: 4-dimethylaminophenol (4-DMAP) 288
23 Cyanide antidotes in clinical use: dicobalt EDTA (Kelocyanor®) 292
24 Amyl nitrite sodium nitrite and sodium thiosulfate 296
25 Cyanide antidotes in current clinical use: hydroxocobalamin 304
26 Cyanide antidotes in development and new methods to monitor cyanide toxicity 309
27 Recent perspectives on alpha-ketoglutarate 317
28 Azide poisonings 330
Index 337